BACKGROUND Uganda has one of the highest total fertility rates (TFR) worldwide. We compared the effects of antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) to that of existing family planning (FP) use and estimated the burden of pediatric HIV disease due to unwanted fertility. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using the demographic software Spectrum...

There is currently an opportunity to carefully plan the implementation of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in the developing world. Here, we use mathematical models to predict the potential impact that low to moderate usage rates of ARVs might have in developing countries. We use our models to predict the relationship between the specific usage rate of ARVs (in terms of the percentage of those infe...

Background The South African antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme, which is in its second decade of existence, includes many successes and challenges. This study provides patients' recommendations to address the challenges they currently experience at four antiretroviral (ARV) clinics based in urban public hospitals in order to provide a patient-centred service. Objectives To use patients' ...

INTRODUCTION Switching brand name medications to generics is recommended in France in the interest of cost effectiveness but patients and physicians are sometimes not convinced that switching is appropriate. Some antiretroviral (ARV) generics (ZDV, 3TC, NVP) have been marketed in France since 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multicentric cross-sectional survey was performed in September 2013 to ...

UNLABELLED As a result of the potent drug combinations of reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors currently available, it is now possible to achieve extreme reductions in the numbers of viral particles in the peripheral blood of HIV-positive patients undergoing treatment, to the point that they are undetectable. Moreover, the immunological recovery resulting from continued and ...

he prevalence of recreational crystal methamphetamine use and related emergency room admissions are on the rise across the United States,1,2 accompanied by a curious media sometimes quick to sensationalize the trend, other times to isolate its impact on specific social groups (eg, gay and bisexual men, circuit party attendees).3,4 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), amphetamines a...

BACKGROUND Of the estimated 800,000 adults living with HIV in Zambia in 2011, roughly half were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). As treatment scale up continues, information on the care provided to patients after initiating ART can help guide decision-making. We estimated retention in care, the quantity of resources utilized, and costs for a retrospective cohort of adults initiating ART ...

Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in pregnant women is particularly important for both patients and for her future child. Objectives: To present clinical and biological evolution of pregnant patients under ARV therapy combination Combivir+Kaletra (CBV+KAL) with good adherence to treatment. The authors present the case of a patient, 22 years old, from urban area, monitored in Infectious Diseases Clin...

CONTEXT The transmission of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been documented, but the prevalence of such transmission is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the spectrum and frequency of antiretroviral susceptibility among subjects with primary HIV infection. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective analysis of 141 subjects identified from clinical research centers in 5 maj...

BACKGROUND A high rate of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed infants in industrialized settings, both in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Only limited data on the birth prevalence of congenital CMV among infants of HIV-infected women on prenatal antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis are available from ...