Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have emerged worldwide. In many countries and regions, these resistant strains constitute a serious threat to the efficacy of tuberculosis control programs. An important element in gaining control of this epidemic is developing an understanding of the molecular basis of resistance to the most important antituberculosis drugs: isoni...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis glutamine synthetase (MtGS) is a promising target for antituberculosis drug discovery. In a recent high-throughput screening study we identified several classes of MtGS inhibitors targeting the ATP-binding site. We now explore one of these classes, the 2-tert-butyl-4,5-diarylimidazoles, and present the design, synthesis, and X-ray crystallographic studies leading to t...

This study evaluated in vitro interactions of antituberculosis drugs and triazoles against Histoplasma capsulatum. Nine drug combinations, each including an antituberculosis drug (isoniazid, pyrazinamide, or ethambutol) plus a triazole (itraconazole, fluconazole, or voriconazole), were tested against both growth forms of H. capsulatum. Stronger synergistic interactions were seen in isoniazid or...

Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia is exceedingly rare in tuberculosis. We herein report a patient with tuberculosis associated with Coombs' positive hemolytic anemia that was responded to antituberculosis therapy. She was admitted to the hospital because of recent-onset fatigue, weakness, nonproductive cough, pallor and scleral jaundice. Coombs positive hemolytic anemia and pulmoner tuberculosi...

The unique geographic features of Taiwan are attributed to the rich indigenous and endemic plant species in Taiwan. These plants serve as resourceful bank for biologically active phytochemicals. Given that these plant-derived chemicals are prototypes of potential drugs for diseases, databases connecting the chemical structures and pharmacological activities may facilitate drug development. To e...

losis is considered the best means of treatment for active disease that is limited to one side and that does not heal under drug therapy. Persistent cavitary disease that may or may not be associated with positive sputum is regarded as a source of further reactivation and as such should be excised. Residual infiltrate in a patient under therapy with antituberculosis drugs to which he is becomin...

Papulonecrotic tuberculid is a rare, chronic, recurrent and symmetric eruption of necrotizing skin papules arising in crops, involving primarily the limbs. It occurs in less than 5% of active tuberculosis. Typically bacilli are not detected in any of the cutaneous lesions. Extracutaneous tuberculosis primary focus is only detected in 30-40% of the cases, being the lymph nodes the most common lo...

INTRODUCTION Emerging antituberculosis drug resistance is a serious threat for tuberculosis (TB) control, especially in Eastern European countries. METHODS We combined drug susceptibility results and molecular strain typing data with treatment outcome reports to assess the influence of drug resistance on TB treatment outcomes in a prospective cohort of patients from Abkhazia (Georgia). Patien...

Introduction: Hypercalcemia referred as serum calcium level over two standard deviations above the average mean values. Clinical manifestations may be due to hypercalcemia or causal disorder both. disorders can caused by group of illness/abnormalities. Cases Presentation: A-5 year-4 months old girl was taken hospital with chief complaint fatigue and shortness breath. Patient also complained dec...

Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During tuberculosis infection, pathogens modulate TLR-4 receptor flow signaling, suggesting possible involvement in regulation host immune response. This study aims to determine effect miana leaf extract on expression toll like 4 (TLR-4) mice at preventive and curative stages. Meth...