In this paper, a methodology for using pulse photoplethysmography (PPG) signal to automatically detect sleep apnea is proposed. The hypothesis is that decreases in the amplitude fluctuations of PPG (DAP), are originated by discharges of the sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system, related to arousals caused by apnea. To test this hypothesis, an automatic system to detect DAP events is pr...

A simplified sleep apnea investigation consisting of combined oximetry and respiration movement monitoring was compared with conventional polysomnography. These two types of recordings were performed simultaneously during one night in 77 patients with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). A static charge sensitive bed (SCSB) was used in the simplified recording because it provides ...

Breathing is more vulnerable to apneas and irregular breathing patterns during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in both humans and rodents. We previously reported that robust and recurrent recruitment of expiratory abdominal (ABD) muscle activity is present in rats during REM epochs despite ongoing REM-induced muscle atonia in skeletal musculature. To develop a further understanding of the charac...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS An animal model of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may help to investigate the pathophysiology of this disorder and develop appropriate treatments. We investigated the feasibility of a rabbit model of OSA. STUDY DESIGN Animal study. METHODS Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were injected at the base of their tongues under endoscopic guidance with liquid silicone (experime...

Pharyngeal collapsibility during sleep increases primarily due to decline in dilator muscle activity. However, genioglossus EMG is known to increase during apneas and hypopneas, usually without reversing upper airway obstruction or inspiratory flow limitation. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that intense activation of the genioglossus fails to prevent pharyngeal obstruct...

BACKGROUND We have previously shown that nasal pressure support ventilation (nPSV) can lead to an active inspiratory laryngeal narrowing in lambs. This, in turn, can limit lung ventilation and divert air into the digestive system, with potentially deleterious consequences. On the other hand, nasal high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is particularly attractive in newborns, especially ...

Sleep-disordered breathing comprises alterations in respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth that present during sleep and may or may not be recognizable in breathing during wakefulness. Primary disorders include repetitive apneas, near apneas (hypopneas), or reductions in overall ventilation during sleep (hypoventilation), all of which lead to reductions in pulmonary gas exchange resulting in arous...

OBJECTIVES In this study the efficacy of palatal implants for treatment of snoring was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients (10 males, 7 females; mean age 49.2+/-7.8 years; range 31 to 66 years) with primary snoring and an apnea-hypopnea index of less than 15 were treated with palatal implants after clinical and endoscopic examination. Snoring-related symptoms were evaluated at ...

We examined the initial effect of sleeping at a simulated moderate altitude of 2,650 m on the frequency of apneas and hypopneas, as well as on the heart rate and blood oxygen saturation from pulse oximetry (SpO2) during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep of 17 trained cyclists. Pulse oximetry revealed that sleeping at simulated altitude significantly increased hear...

The action of protovertarines A and B, which stimulate carotid sinus baroreceptors and vagal sensory endings in the heart as well as pulmonary bed, were assessed on spontaneous and postsigh central sleep apneas in freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats. During the 6-h recording period, animals were simultaneously monitored for sleep by using electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings, for re...