Until now infrequent terms have been neglected in searching in order to save time and memory. With the help of a cascaded index and the introduced algorithms, such considerations are no longer necessary. A fast and efficient method was developed in order to find all terms in the largest freely available corpus of texts in the German language by exact search, part-word-search and fuzzy search. T...

The concept of sustainability is encouraged to preserve natural resources, social values, cultural heritage, and economic capital, which already exist to make available them for the next generations. Moreover, to enhance the level of sustainability in communities, numerous scholars indicated both individual and community identities play a crucial role. Sustainability is attainable and successfu...

Query by humming' is an interaction concept in which the identity of a song has to be revealed fast and orderly from a given sung input using a large database of known melodies. In short, it tries to detect the pitches in a sung melody and compares these pitches with symbolic representations of the known melodies. Melodies that are similar to the sung pitches are retrieved. Approximate pattern ...

The van der Pauw method is commonly used in the applied sciences to find resistivity of a simply connected, two-dimensional conducting laminate. Given usefulness this ‘4-point probe’ there has been much recent interest trying extend it holey, that is, multiply samples. This paper introduces two new mathematical tools area investigation—the prime function on Schottky double planar domain and Fay...

The present study is aimed at assessing the state of national identity among female students of Ahwaz Islamic Azad University and explores the social factors affecting upon it. The statistical society consisted of 8532 students at the three levels of associate diploma undergraduate and master degrees. The research method in this study is a “survey” and collection of data has been carried out by...

The fractional diffusion equation is discretized by an implicit finite difference scheme with the shifted Grünwald formula, which is unconditionally stable. The coefficient matrix of the discretized linear system is equal to the sum of a scaled identity matrix and two diagonal-times-Toeplitz matrices. Standard circulant preconditioners may not work for such Toeplitz-like linear systems. The mai...

We study from an algorithmic viewpoint anonymous games [Mil96, Blo99, Blo05, Kal05]. In these games a large population of players shares the same strategy set and, while players may have different payoff functions, the payoff of each depends on her own choice of strategy and the number of the other players playing each strategy (not the identity of these players). We show that, the intractabili...

Wireless reprogramming in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is the process of uploading a new code image or relevant commands to sensor nodes or changing the functionality of existing code. As a WSN is usually deployed in hostile environments, so for security reasons every code update must be authenticate to prevent an opponent from installing malicious code in the network. A secure and distribut...