Today robotic creatures’ development has been utilized for several purposes. There have been inventions about animalliked aquatic robots, however few works were found relating to the study of full behavioral movement of aquatic animals; anguilliform, carangiform, subcarangiform and thunniform. This paper presents a study and design of a robotic fish that simulate locomotion pattern of aquatic a...

Ever-increasing demand for water to irrigate crops, support aquaculture, provide domestic water needs and to protect natural aquatic and riparian habitats has necessitated research to reduce impacts from a parallel increase in invasive aquatic weeds. This paper reviews the past 4-5 years of research by USDA-ARS covering such areas as weed biology, ecology, physiology and management strategies, ...

Emerging contaminants are distributed in to the environment from various anthropogenic activities. These Emerging contaminants (ECs) are mainly composed of products, such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides etc. The present conventional system of waste treatment are not designed to treat these contaminants. Complex structure of these pollutan...

Metals are the major pollutants in aquatic environment. A lot of research literature is available globally about accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems as well as in different body organs of aquatic animals, especially fish. Heavy metals mainly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aquatic animals that lead to oxidative stress production. ROS cause oxidative damage to different ...

The observed patterns of distribution and abundance of aquatic insects indicate successful adaptations to a wide variety of habitats. To demonstrate how organisms adapt to particular niches of the freshwater community, examples of species using certain environments are presented in this chapter and the life cycle is used as a framework for describing diverse modes of coping with environmental c...

Aquatic environments receive significant levels of chemical contaminants generated by human activities. Among these pollutants, we noticed the xenobiotics known as reproductive toxicants and endocrine disruptors. The endocrine disruption in wildlife has been the subject of many reviews and workshops in recent years. Field observations of reproductively abnormal organisms and population declines...

The broad field of comparative pharmacology has as a goal "to take advantage of the diversity of form and function [of all animals] to increase our knowledge of general principles" of drug or xenobiotic interactions with the living organism (1). Our current perspective on the comparative approach is derived largely from the seminal conference on comparative pharmacology held in 1967 under the j...

A central theme of John Lythgoe’s book “The Ecology of Vision” (Lythgoe, 1979) was that of adaptation: the matching between an organism’s phenotype and its natural environment. In “The Ecology of Vision”, numerous adaptations of animal visual systems were identified, covering diverse aspects of life related to vision including ocular anatomy, visual physiology, biochemistry, behaviour, diet and...

The Archaea domain is ubiquitously distributed and extremely diverse, however, environmental factors that shape archaeal community structure are not well known. Aquatic environments, including the water column and sediments harbor many new uncultured archaeal species from which metabolic and ecological roles remain elusive. Some environments are especially neglected in terms of archaeal diversi...