purpose: to investigate the penetration of cefixime, cephalexin and ciprofloxacin into the human eye based on microbial inhibition by human aqueous samples after oral administration. method: sixty patients aged 40 to 75 years who were scheduled for cataract surgery were divided into three equal groups. one group received 500 mg oral ciprofloxacin 24, 12 and 2 hours preoperatively; another group...

Sommary-_The polarographic reduction of hydrogen ion, furnished by dissociation of a Brransted acid or present in the undissociated Brsnsted acid, is reviewed for the situation where a solvent other than water is involved. INTRODUCTION THE electrochemical reduction of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution has long been a major problem in electrochemistry, as indicated by the voluminous literature on...

Thermally-induced isomerization of spiropyran derivatives in aqueous media has been studied. The colorless spirocyclic (SP) forms of spiropyran derivatives are isomerized to colored merocyanine (MC) forms even in dark conditions at elevated temperature. Equilibrium, kinetic, and deuterium experiments reveal that the thermal SP → MC isomerization is due to the stabilization of MC form by a hydro...

The efficacy of different concentrations of aqueous neem leaf extract (3.12 to 50 mg/mL) on growth and citrinin production in three isolates of Penicillium citrinum was investigated under laboratory conditions. Mycotoxin production by the isolates was suppressed, depending on the concentration of the plant extract added to culture media at the time of spore inoculation. Citrinin production in f...

Methanolic and aqueous extract of Pomegranate rind, seed and pith was evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against selected oral microorganisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeuriginosa and Candida albicans. The oral pathogens were cultured in Mueller-hinton media and then paper disks containing the extracts at concentration of 4μg/m...

The efficient citral hydrogenation was achieved in aqueous media using Pd/CMS and alkali additives like K2CO3. The alkali concentrations, reaction temperature and the Pd metal content were optimized to enhance the citral hydrogenation under aqueous media. In the absence of alkali, citral hydrogenation was low and addition of alkali promoted to ~92% hydrogenation without reduction in the selecti...

When fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was challenged with gold ions under ambient aqueous conditions gold nanoparticles were formed within 90 minutes. Controlling experimental conditions like the age of fungus, incubation temperature and different concentration of gold chloride solution had drastic effect on the morphology of the nanoparticles formed. The enzyme assays indicated the role of e...

For a reaction to be generally useful for protein modification, it must be site-selective and efficient under conditions compatible with proteins: aqueous media, low to ambient temperature, and at or near neutral pH. To engineer a reaction that satisfies these conditions is not a simple task. Olefin metathesis is one of most useful reactions for carbon-carbon bond formation, but does it fit the...