The Arab uprisings of 2011 led to a reassessment comparative politics research on authoritarianism in the Middle East and North Africa. region made its way from area studies into mainstream politics, foci have shifted towards civil-military relations repression. Ten years later, we observe higher levels repression across region, reflecting diversity repressive trends. Advocating comprehensive t...

This paper surveys some of the literature pertaining to searching and retrieving OCR’ed printed documents with emphasis on Arabic documents. It examines peculiarities of Arabic morphology, orthography, retrieval, word clustering, display, OCR, and error correction. The paper surveys existing evaluation test-beds for retrieval of Arabic OCR texts. Lastly, it concludes with possible directions fo...

Judeo-Arabic is a group of Arabic-based languages used by Jews for many centuries, which like some other Jewish languages (for example,Yiddish), is written in the Hebrew alphabet. Many of the great Jewish literary works of the Middle Ages were written in Judeo-Arabic. A large quantity of additional Judeo-Arabic text has become available with the digitization of manuscripts found in the Cairo Ge...

The Columbia Arabic Treebank (CATiB) is a database of syntactic analyses of Arabic sentences. CATiB contrasts with previous approaches to Arabic treebanking in its emphasis on speed with some constraints on linguistic richness. Two basic ideas inspire the CATiB approach: no annotation of redundant information and using representations and terminology inspired by traditional Arabic syntax. We de...

The Arabic language has far richer systems of inflection and derivation than English which has very little morphology. This morphology difference causes a large gap between the vocabulary sizes in any given parallel training corpus. Segmentation of inflected Arabic words is a way to smooth its highly morphological nature. In this paper, we describe some statistically and linguistically motivate...

We consider the task of tagging Arabic nouns with WordNet supersenses. Three approaches are evaluated. The first uses an expertcrafted but limited-coverage lexicon, Arabic WordNet, and heuristics. The second uses unsupervised sequence modeling. The third and most successful approach uses machine translation to translate the Arabic into English, which is automatically tagged with English superse...

We propose in this paper a new standard Arabic test collection for monoand cross-language Information Retrieval (CLIR). To do this, we exploit the “Hadith” texts and we provide a portal for sampling and evaluation of Hadiths’ results listed in both Arabic and English versions. The new called “Kunuz” standard Arabic test collection will promote and restart the development of Arabic mono retrieva...

The NEMLAR project is a European Commission supported project with partners from the EU and from Arabic speaking countries in the Mediterranean region. The project aims at surveying the stat-of-the artof language resources and tools for Arabic in the region, at developing a BLARK definition for Arabic, and at starting development of language resources or updating of existing language resources....

The emergence of the Arab Uprisings started a regional transformation and led to changes policies external actors. Although EU had close economic political relations with actors, EU, like many other was caught unprepared against upheaval. EU’s wait-and-see policy cautious steps towards different cases increased criticisms as normative power global actor. Due lack cooperation for determining imp...