UNLABELLED Enteral immunomodulatory nutrition is considered as a promising therapy for the treatment of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, there are still some divergences, and it is unclear whether this treatment should be recommended for patients with ALI/ARDS. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy a...

Alveolar atelectasis and low functional residual capacity are the hallmark of the patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [1]. Lots of experiments have reported that large tidal volume (VT) and traditional VT (10 12 ml/kg) can induce lung injury. In order to minimize the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), VT should be lowered during mechanical ventilation in ARDS [1...

Neoplastic pulmonary infiltration is an unusual but recognized cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, its occurrence with primary undiagnosed adenocarcinoma of lung has never been reported in previous instance. We herein report a 54-year-old patient who developed ARDS after ten days of respiratory symptoms and died within three weeks from his initial presentation. High-re...

Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS has led to important advances in the treatment of ALI/ARDS, particularly in the area of ventilator-associated lung injury. Standard supportive care for ALI/ARDS should now include a protective ventilatory strategy with low tidal volume ventilation by the protocol developed by the National Institutes of Health ARDS Networ...

I read with interest the article on prone ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) by GUÉRIN [1] in the European Respiratory Review. In this extensive review, the author elaborated on the rationale, evidence and limitations of the application of prone position in ARDS patients. It is understood that excellent research has been conducted on the topic of prone position ventilatio...

There is increasing evidence that proteasomes have a biological role in the extracellular alveolar space, but inflammation could change their composition. We tested whether immunoproteasome protein-containing subpopulations are present in the alveolar space of patients with lung inflammation evoking the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) supernatants and ce...

Introduction The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents a final common pathway of injury due to a large variety of massive, often unrelated, insults to the lung (Table 1). For example, the injury may be a consequence of direct pulmonary damage such as aspiration ofgastric contents or pulmonary contusion or the result of a systemic process such as sepsis or cardiopulmonary bypass....

It has been known for decades that shock and sepsis can cause a syndrome of acute respiratory failure with characteristics of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Over the years, this syndrome has been given a number of names, including congestive atelectasis, traumatic wet lung, and shock lung. In 1967 the modern counterpart to this syndrome was described and subsequently called the “acute respira...

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a very severe syndrome leading to respiratory failure and subsequent mortality. Sepsis is the leading cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, extracellular bacteria play an important role in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Overactivated neutrophils are the major effector cells in ARDS. Thus, extracellular bacteria triggered TH17-like innate...

Sepsis is a common condition that is associated with significant morbidity, mortality and health-care cost. Pulmonary and non-pulmonary sepsis are common causes of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The mortality from ARDS remains high despite protective lung ventilation, and currently there are no specific pharmacotherapies to treat sepsis or ARDS. Sepsis and ARDS are characterise...