To the Editor: In metaphorical terms, a problem arises when good apples are pooled with bad apples; they all get tarred with the same brush. This principle applies when all studies pertaining to spinal injections of steroids are pooled, as if they are all equal. Subsequently, the lay press publicizes sweeping conclusions such as “injecting any liquid, even plain saline solution, works just as w...

Current discussions of brand personality refer to a personified brand image, that is, a brand image that can possess any attributes of consumers, rather than brand personality. From a conceptual and methodological critique of the literature, this paper applies the definition of personality to brand personality, and tests the idea using a peer-rating methodology which focuses on each individual’...

Sweet’s syndrome and erythema nodosum are rarely seen together. Herein, we report a case of concurrent Sweet’s syndrome and erythema nodosum and review previous cases.

People usually regard algorithms as more abstract than the programs that implement them. The natural way to formalize this idea is that algorithms are equivalence classes of programs with respect to a suitable equivalence relation. We argue that no such equivalence relation exists.

1. Tautz TJ, Urwyler A, Antognini JF, Riou B: Case scenario: Increased end-tidal carbon dioxide. A diagnostic dilemma. ANESTHESIOLOGY 2010; 112:440 – 6 2. Kwetny IM, Finucane BT: Negative arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient: An additional sign of malignant hyperthermia during desflurane anesthesia. Anest Analg 2006; 102:815–7 3. Larach MG, Localio AR, Allen GC, Denborough MA, Ellis FR...

A melody's identity is determined by relations between consecutive tones in terms of pitch and duration, whereas surface features (i.e., pitch level or key, tempo, and timbre) are irrelevant. Although surface features of highly familiar recordings are encoded into memory, little is known about listeners' mental representations of melodies heard once or twice. It is also unknown whether musical ...

S ecretory proteins fold and assemble in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), under the assistance of many folding helpers that also retain newly synthesized polypeptides in this compartment: only upon correct structural maturation are proteins allowed to traffic along the secretory pathway to their destinations. Structurally defective polypeptides that fail correct folding interact more extensively...

In the area of workflow management, one is confronted with a large number of competing languages and the relations between them (e.g. relative expressiveness) are usually not clear. Moreover, even within the same language it is generally possible to express the same workflow in different ways, a feature known as variability. This paper aims at providing some of the formal groundwork for studyin...