Damage to underground structures caused by liquefaction is one of the important types hazards in field geotechnical engineering. Utility tunnels are lifeline projects cities. To ensure sustainable and safe operation utility over a design life 100 years, this paper investigates seismic response pattern liquefied site. In paper, shaking table tests were carried out on tunnel layered liquefiable B...

Abstract This work presents an up-to-date model for the simulation of non-stationary ground motions, including several novelties compared to original study Sabetta and Pugliese (Bull Seism Soc Am 86:337–352, 1996). The selection input motion in framework earthquake engineering has become progressively more important with growing use nonlinear dynamic analyses. Regardless increasing availability...