A mild method for the cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with CF3I via the merger of photoredox (to generate CF3 radical) and Cu catalysis (to generate reactive Cu−aryl species) was developed by Professor Sanford and her co-worker of University of Michigan (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 9034− 9037). Potassium carbonate was found a base of choice for the promotion of transmetalation in DMF solve...

Chorismate mutase (EC 5.4.99.5) catalyzes the first step in the branch of the shikimate pathway which leads to the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine. We have isolated a cDNA for this enzyme from the higher plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, by complementing a yeast strain (aro7) with a cDNA library from A. thaliana. This is the first chorismate mutase cDNA isolated from a plant. It enc...

In a study of 101 crystal structures of carboxylic acids we have observed a clear trend in the difference between the formally single and formally double C-O bond distances, as observed by X-ray diffraction, with a clear-cut distinction between aromatic acids, where the two distances are similar, and non-aromatic acids, where the two distances distinctly differ by 0.06-0.12 A. A tentative energ...

BACKGROUND Among the 20 natural amino acids histidine is the most active and versatile member that plays the multiple roles in protein interactions, often the key residue in enzyme catalytic reactions. A theoretical and comprehensive study on the structural features and interaction properties of histidine is certainly helpful. RESULTS Four interaction types of histidine are quantitatively cal...

In this work, we investigated for the first time hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) as supported liquid membrane (SLM) electromembrane extraction (EME). Camphor, coumarin, DL-menthol, and thymol were used non-ionic DES components. Different DESs compositions tested, to study systematically importance of hydrogen bonding dispersion/aromatic interactions during mass transfer across SLM. Une...