[1] Loads and yields of dissolved and particulate organic and inorganic carbon (DOC, POC, DIC, PIC) were measured and modeled at three locations on the Yukon River (YR) and on the Tanana and Porcupine rivers (TR, PR) in Alaska during 2001–2005. Total YR carbon export averaged 7.8 Tg C yr , 30% as OC and 70% as IC. Total C yields (0.39–1.03 mol C m 2 yr ) were proportional to water yields (139–3...

7 ABSTRACT: Vibrational frequencies can be measured and calculated with 8 high precision. Therefore, they are excellent tools for analyzing the electronic 9 structure of a molecule. In this connection, the properties of the local 10 vibrational modes of a molecule are best suited. A new procedure is described, 11 which utilizes local CC stretching force constants to derive an aromaticity 12 ind...

In this work, we explore the geometries, relative stabilities, singlet-triplet (S-T) splittings, and local aromaticities of the 25 possible didehydrophenanthrenes (DDPs) at the BLYP/6-31G(d) level. The main aim is to understand their molecular structure and stability in terms of the electronic structure. To this end, we analyze the changes induced by didehydrogenation in molecular structure and...

Although aromaticity has been observed in inorganic and all-metal species, the concept of antiaromaticity has not been extended beyond organic molecules. Here, we present theoretical and experimental evidence that the 6 -electron tetrapnictogen dianions in Na+Pn42- (Pn = P, As, Sb) undergo a transition from being aromatic to antiaromatic upon electron detachment, yielding the first inorganic an...

Kraft lignin (KL) was thermally treated at 500 to 1000 °C in an inert atmosphere. Carbon nanostructure parameters of thermally treated KL in terms of amorphous carbon fraction, aromaticity, and carbon nanocrystallites lateral size (La), thickness (Lc), and interlayer space (d002) were analyzed quantitatively using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron ...

The effects of aromatic stabilization on the rates of [1,5]-hydrogen shifts in a series of carbo- and heterocyclic dihydroaromatic compounds were estimated by B3LYP/6-31G computations. The aromatic stabilization energy of the product is directly translated into increased exothermicity of these reactions. Relative trends for a significant range of endothermic and exothermic [1,5]-shifts with dif...

The physical reason for aromaticity/antiaromaticity was determined. The conclusion was reached after interpreting Hobey's mathematical results that were given in the study of the energy difference between the one-dimensional linear and cyclic particles-in-a-box models. We first revealed that the Huckel theory and particles-in-a-box model are simply different ways of solving the same Schr6dinger...

B(20) is a "magic number" cluster with double-ring structure. Surprisingly, we also find that B(14)(2+) is a "magic number" cluster with double-ring structure, which has the largest HOMO-LUMO gap (3.31 eV) and the highest aromaticity in double-ring clusters. This double-ring B(14)(2+) cluster is energetically lower than the quasi-planar one by even ∼1.2 eV using high level ab initio calculation...

Aromaticity is a key concept in organic chemistry. Even though this concept has already been theoretically extrapolated to three dimensions, it usually still remains restricted to planar molecules in organic chemistry textbooks. Stacking of antiaromatic π-systems has been proposed to induce three-dimensional aromaticity as a result of strong frontier orbital interactions. However, experimental ...