Stone-flaking technology is the most enduring evidence for the evolving cognitive abilities of our early ancestors. Flake-making was mastered by African hominins ~3.3 ma, followed by the appearance of handaxes ~1.75 ma and complex stone reduction strategies by ~1.6 ma. Handaxes are stones flaked on two opposed faces ('bifacially'), creating a robust, sharp-edged tool, and complex reduction stra...

Insufficient cough strength has a major role in extubation and decannulation outcomes. Cough capacity can be easily evaluated by measuring flows during coughing. Values vary depending on whether cough flows are measured through the mouth or through a tracheostomy or endotracheal tube. It is important to standardize these measurements and start using them routinely in the extubation and decannul...

Scar endometriosis is an under-appreciated or misdiagnosed phenomenon in general surgery and may eventually be more common than reflected in the literature. We herein report five cases of scar endometriosis that were treated in our surgical department one to five years after Caesarean section. Scar endometriosis should be considered when the symptoms are present in a cyclic manner mostly after ...

Two cases of hypothalamic hamartomas causing gelastic epilepsy are described. The clinical presentations and the radiological features are presented, and the mechanisms involved in laughing attacks are discussed. The literature is reviewed and it is suggested the complete extirpation of the hamartomas is the treatment of choice in gelastic epilepsy.

© 2016 International Journal of Critical Illness and Injury Science | Published by Wolters Kluwer ‐ Medknow In 1909 Jackson presented his tracheotomy technique to the Eastern Section of the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society.[1] His technique would become the foundation of the tracheostomy, a procedure that would ultimately become widely utilized during the polio epide...

Most dermatologists can perform cosmetic mole removals (this is not something to try at home with your trusty disposable razor). To take off an elevated mole, a dermatologist numbs the area with local anesthetic and then shaves off the raised section of the mole with a sterile scalpel. The healing process usually leaves a flat scar that's somewhat lighter than the rest of your skin. Sometimes t...

One of the key issues in the design of personal communication service (PCS) systems is the efficient management of location information. The current IS-41 and GSM schemes use a two-tier system of home location register (HLR) and visitor location register (VLR) databases. In a two-tier system, the success of a call requires the HLR and the callee’s current VLR to be failure-free. A VLR failure a...

Os acromiale is a rare anatomical variant that is caused by failure of fusion of the acromial apophysis and is usually asymptomatic. We report a case of impingement syndrome of the left shoulder secondary to unstable os acromiale, which was initially overlooked and confirmed only during arthroscopic examination. Arthroscopic excision of the unstable fragment was successful without residual dysf...

PURPOSE To evaluate the surgical treatment concepts for the complications related to the implantation of mesh material for urogynecological indications. MATERIALS AND METHODS A review of the current literature on PubMed was performed. RESULTS Only retrospective studies were detected. The rate of mesh-related complications is about 15-25% and mesh erosion is up to 10% for POP and SUI repair....

Surgical decompression of the greater occipital nerve is used in the treatment of migraine headaches. Generally, hair is removed from the posterior scalp to aid with exposure and minimize interference. The securing of occipital hair with surgical tape and rubber bands instead of preoperative hair removal is a viable alternative. The preservation of hair length can lead to better patient satisfa...