BACKGROUND The mode of drug administration, blood sampling schedule, and sampling site affect the pharmacokinetic model derived. The present study tested the hypothesis that three-compartment pharmacokinetic model parameters derived from arterial drug concentrations obtained after rapid intravenous administration can be used to design a target-controlled drug infusion (TCI) that deviates minima...

intravitreal injection is the most common approach for drug delivery to the posterior segment in humans. however, following the injection, drugs are rapidly eliminated from the vitreous, with half-lives up to a few days. depending on the rate of clearance from the vitreous, large boluses and frequent administrations may be required to ensure therapeutic levels over an extended period of time. m...

Transient displacement of blood in vessel lumen with saline injection is necessary in the conductance method for measurement of arterial cross-sectional area (CSA). The displacement of blood is dictated by the interactions between arterial flow hemodynamics and saline injection dynamics. The objective of the present study is to understand how the accuracy of conductance measurements is affected...

Arterial pseudoaneurysms are contained ruptures of the arterial wall that require prompt intervention. Iatrogenic may result from various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. axillary quite rare, with few reported cases in literature. We report a case 45-year-old woman who sustained an pseudoaneurysm after ultrasound-guided, vacuum-assisted biopsy lymph node. An arteriovenous fistula develope...

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide originally isolated from the stomach. Intravenous administration of ghrelin has been shown to elicit a decrease in arterial pressure without a significant change in heart rate (HR), suggesting that ghrelin may act on the central nervous system to modulate sympathetic activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the central effects of ghrelin on cardio...

It has recently been reported that in a xenotransplantation model of human cells injected into nonobese diabetic–severe combined immunodeficient mice, direct intratibial injection of stem cells improves engraftment.1,2 However, the complexities of using this approach clinically are substantial. We sought to determine whether in a syngeneic mouse model the delivery of donor primitive hematopoiet...

It has recently been shown that bronchial arterial injection of conventional contrast medium causes a significant increase in bronchial blood flow (Qbr) and that this response is partially attenuated after infusion of N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). However, the precise mechanism for this increase in Qbr is unknown. In this study we examined the effect of bronchial arterial injection of conve...