BACKGROUND Anterior glenohumeral instability most commonly affects younger patients and has shown high recurrence rates with nonoperative management. The treatment of anterior glenohumeral instability has undergone significant evolution over the 20th and 21 centuries. METHODS This article presents a retrospective comprehensive review of the history of different operative techniques for should...

INTRODUCTION Surgeons gain expertise as they repeatedly conduct a procedure. Such learning is widely acknowledged to pose a challenge to evaluating new surgical procedures. Most surgical trials report little if any information on learning. We elicited surgeons' belief regarding learning within the context of a randomised trial which assessed two surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS Surg...

Partial meniscectomy involves partial removal of the meniscus. This can vary from minor trimming of the damaged part of the meniscus to the removal of the rip from the meniscocapsular junction. Meniscus tears are the most common knee injury. They may occur in acute knee injuries in younger patients, or as part of a degenerative process in older individuals. The aim of the study was to demonstra...

Hip arthroscopy for joint preservation surgery has grown immensely over the last two decades. There is now an increasing trend to try and expand the role of hip arthroscopy to include patients of an older age or perhaps even with signs of arthritis, instead of the established patient group of young adults with mechanical symptoms or serious athletes. But how much of this growth is really justif...

BACKGROUND Treatment of chronic, refractory biceps tendinitis remains controversial. The authors sought to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of arthroscopic release of the long head of the biceps tendon. HYPOTHESIS In specific cases of refractory biceps tendinitis, site-specific release of the long head of the biceps tendon may yield relief of pain and symptoms. STUDY DESIGN Case se...

Generalizing toric varieties, we introduce toric Deligne-Mumford stacks which correspond to combinatorial data. The main result in this paper is an explicit calculation of the orbifold Chow ring of a toric Deligne-Mumford stack. As an application, we prove that the orbifold Chow ring of the toric Deligne-Mumford stack associated to a simplicial toric variety is a flat deformation of (but is not...

The Mumford-Shah model has been one of the most powerful models in image segmentation and denoising. The optimization of the multiphase Mumford-Shah energy functional has been performed using level sets methods that optimize the Mumford-Shah energy by evolving the level sets via the gradient descent. These methods are very slow and prone to getting stuck in local optima due to the use of the gr...