Soft computing is a synergistic combination of artificial intelligence methodologies to model and solve real world problems that are either impossible or too difficult to model mathematically. Furthermore, the use of conventional modeling techniques demands rigor, precision and certainty, which carry computational cost. On the other hand, soft computing utilizes computation, reasoning and infer...

For the experimental construction of artificial cell, it is a challenge to simultaneously supply the nutrients and lipids required for protein synthesis, gene replication, membrane growth, and fission. Inner reactions of liposomes are not permanent because of nutrient exhaustion since liposomes do not have pores or channels on their membrane for acquisition of nutrients. In this study, we demon...

3D bio-artificial liver systems and transplantable devices are gaining significance due to the increase in number of patients with liver diseases. We demonstrate an ex-vivo system that mimics liver tissue and enhance the liver specific function with better viability. The proposed in vitro microchip takes advantage of micro contact printing and encapsulating process to achieve the goal. A multip...

The leasing business is one of the most important distribution channels for the automotive industry. This implies that forecasting accurate residual values for the vehicles is a major factor for determining monthly leasing rates: Either a systematic overestimation or underestimation of future residual values can incur large potential losses in resale value or, respectively, competitive disadvan...

A system is proposed which enhances transient nonstationarities and, in particular, epileptiform discharges in the EEG. It is based around the technique of multireference adaptive noise cancelling (MRANC) which attenuates the background EEG on a primary channel by using spatial and temporal information from adjacent channels in the multichannel EEG recording. This process has been implemented b...

We review briefly how the thinking about the permeation of gases, especially CO2, across cell and artificial lipid membranes has evolved during the last 100 years. We then describe how the recent finding of a drastic effect of cholesterol on CO2 permeability of both biological and artificial membranes fundamentally alters the long-standing idea that CO2-as well as other gases-permeates all memb...

Reconstitution describes the disassembly of a complex structure; the isolation of one or more of the components of that system and the reassembly of these components into an intelligible, measurable system. When applied to membrane proteins, such as ion-channels, it describes the solubilisation of the membrane, the isolation of the channel protein from the other membrane constituents and the re...

Xenopus oocytes are a valuable aid for studying the molecular structure and function of ionic channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Their use has recently been extended by the demonstration that oocytes can incorporate foreign membranes carrying preassembled receptors and channels. Here we show that when reconstituted in an artificial lipid matrix and injected into Xenopus oocytes, purified ...

Metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic media realized by subwavelength nano-structuring, have become a paradigm for engineering electromagnetic space, allowing for independent control of both electric and magnetic responses of the material. Whereas most metamaterials studied so far are limited to passive structures, the need for active metamaterials is rapidly growing. However, the fundament...

Thionins are small cysteine-containing, amphipathic plant proteins found in seeds and vegetative tissues of a number of plant genera. Many of them have been shown to be toxic to microorganisms such as fungi, yeast, and bacteria and also to mammalian cells. It has been suggested that thionins are present in seeds to protect them, and the germinating seedling, from attack by phytopathogenic micro...