Abstract How do actors undertake institutional design in complex systems? Scholars recognize that many international regimes are becoming increasingly complex. Yet relatively little is known about how or redesign institutions amid this complexity. As participant-observers the UN negotiations on investment treaty reform, we have watched state officials and other participants grapple with questio...

Welcome to the inaugural issue of Vascular Health and Risk Management. It is our hope that this journal will provide a vehicle for the timely publication of important clinical information from studies undertaken by the international scientific community in academia and other institutions (ie, public, private, and government). Here at Dove Medical Press, we recognize that it is going to take som...

The adage lex orandi, credendi, vivendi (or (con)vivendi) denotes causal interrelationships between worship, belief and life. Simply one affects the others as this forms foundation of doctrine and/or a moral However, if there are true relationships “as we worship” (lex orandi), “so believe” credendi), live” vivendi) then can also be understood as: vivendi), orandi). This leads o question: how d...

The initial Fogarty International Clinical Research Scholars (FICRS) program, established in 2004, was focused on training in tropical medicine and was very successful in establishing researchers with expertise in communicable and noncommunicable disease worldwide. This was a one-of-a-kind program: it allowedmedical, veterinary, dental, and pre-doctoral epidemiology students from the United Sta...

the money creation by commercial banks, raises the question whether this phenomenon is defensible and vindicable from the perspective of economic values and goals in islam? opponents of bank money creation introduce it as an anti-stability, violator of ethics, unfair, violator of state power in exercising its right to publish money and stimulator of no priority social activities while defenders...