ASTM A 182 F22 steel, used in components subsea for oil extraction, are previously buttered with ductile metal such as Inconel 625, before being welded to steel pipes similar A36 steels. The thermal buttering weld cycle provides the formation of high hardness micro-phases and carbides at interface between Inconel, which when contact hydrogen, originating from cathodic protection applied these e...

Current Polish Standard methods for the determination of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium in natural fresh water were compared with other official standards, mostly from the U.S. (ASTM, USEPA, USGS), regarding recommended top concentrations of measured elements in measured solutions and methods of regulating the sensitivity of measurements. Some of the disadvantageous limitations of co...

The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), and the International Standards Organization (ISO) standard solar terrestrial spectra (ASTM G-159, IEC-9043, ISO 9845-1) provide standard spectra for photovoltaic performance applications. Modern terrestrial spectral radiation models and knowledge of atmospheric physics are applied to dev...

An automated method, based on the Hewlett-Packard ORCA (Optimized Robot for Chemical Analysis) system, for sample preparation and analysis of petroleum samples by simulated distillation (SIMDIS) is described. Results obtained for the robotically prepared samples show excellent agreement with those obtained from the same samples prepared manually. The application, based on ASTM method D 2887, is...