Security is the major area of concern in communication channel. Security is very crucial in wireless sensor networks which are deployed in remote environments. Adversary can disrupt the communication within multi hop sensor networks by launching the attack. The common attacks which disrupt the communication of nodes are packet dropping, packet modification, packet fake routing, badmouthing atta...

We are given a bipartite graph B = (U ∪̇V, E) on two disjoint node sets U and V ; each edge connects a node in U to a node in V . In the following, we define a 2-claw to be a set of three distinct nodes {u, x, y} such that u ∈ U , x, y ∈ V and there is an edge from u to both nodes x and y. We consider the following maximization problem on the graph B: Find a largest possible set of vertexdisjoin...

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is one of the most important combinational optimization problems that has nowadays received much attention because of its real application in industrial and service problems. The VRP involves routing a fleet of vehicles, each of them visiting a set of nodes such that every node is visited by exactly one vehicle only once. So, the objective is to minimize the to...

We consider ad-hoc networks consisting of n wireless nodes that are located on R. Any two given nodes are called neighbors if they are located within a certain distance from one another. A given node can be directly connected to any one of its neighbors and picks its connections according to a unique topology control algorithm that is available at every node. Given that each node knows only the...

Lifetime of node-to-node communication in a wireless ad hoc network is defined as the duration that two nodes can communicate with each other. Failure of the two nodes or failure of the last available route between them ends their communication. In this paper, we analyze the maximum lifetime of node-to-node communication in static ad hoc networks when alternative routes that keep the two nodes ...

introduction: the ablation technique is one of the important therapeutic interventions for treatment of av nodal tachyarrhythmia. different animal models have been developed to study the effects of ablation on the functional interanodal structure. the aim of the present study was to develop a new model of computer analysis to produce lesions by using direct voltage in isolated perfused rabbit a...

In this paper, we characterize the asymmetric total degrees of freedom (DoF) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 3-way channel. Each node has a separate-antenna fullduplex MIMO transceiver with a different number of antennas, where each antenna can be configured for either signal transmission or reception. We study this system under two message configurations; the first configuration is ...

results there were 39 cases with lymph node metastasis in 59 malignant tumors, and 0 cases in 6 benign follicular type tumors. the staining scores by jt-95 of the 39 tumors with lymph node metastasis were 5+ in eight cases and 6+ in 31 cases. on the other hand, the scores of 20 malignant tumors without lymph node metastasis were < 4+ in all of the cases. in the co-cultured assay, numerous adhes...

Introduction: Lymphoscintigraphy is imaging of the lymphatic system and has been integrated into the sentinel node mapping procedures. Lymphoscintigraphy usually encompasses early or delayed static images. However, immediate dynamic imaging of the lymphatic basins and tumors has also been used as an adjunct lymphoscintigraphy imaging. The aim of this study was ...