The formation of the chemical products produced in an atmospheric glow discharge fed by a N2-CH4 gas mixture has been studied using Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) and Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES). The measurements were carried out in a flowing regime at ambient temperature and pressure with CH4 concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2%. In the recorded emission spectra the lines of the s...

[1] Global ocean carbon models and available syntheses of the oceanic CO2 flux suggest that the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (50 N–70 N, 80 W–10 W) is a region of increasing uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere, with the oceanic partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increasing more slowly than the atmospheric CO2 over time. Our analysis of available CO2 data shows that, on the contrary, seawater pCO2 has...

We consider the problem of radiative transfer in stellar atmospheres where the index of refraction departs from unity and is a function of density and temperature. We present modified Feautrier and Lambda-iteration methods to solve the equation of radiative transfer with refraction in a plane parallel atmosphere. These methods are general and can be used in any problem with 1-D geometry where t...

We present a synthesis of physical effects influencing the observed lightcurve of an extrasolar giant planet (EGP) transiting its host star. The synthesis includes a treatment of Rayleigh scattering, cloud scattering, refraction, and molecular absorption of starlight in the EGP atmosphere. Of these effects, molecular absorption dominates in determining the transit-derived radius R, for planetar...

The composition of a planet’s atmosphere can be buffered by chemical reactions with minerals at its surface [1-5]. The compositions of ‘hot’ thick exoplanet atmospheres can therefore act as probes of their planets’ surface mineralogies and compositions. In the context of a planetary atmosphere, however, many potential buffering reactions are not stable and would lead to catastrophic greenhouse ...

This paper is an introduction to and overview of the accompanying papers in this issue which give detailed results from the Galileo probe mission to Jupiter, including results from the Galileo orbiter and Earth-based observations that are relevant for understanding the probe data and placing them in context. A summary of prior knowledge of Jupiter's atmosphere is also presented. All probe scien...

The climate of Mars likely evolved from a warmer, wetter early state to the cold, arid current state. However, no solutions for this evolution have previously been found to satisfy the observed geological features and isotopic measurements of the atmosphere. Here we show that a family of solutions exist, invoking no missing reservoirs or loss processes. Escape of carbon via CO photodissociation...

Supersonic flows around parachute two-body systems are numerically investigated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In present study, both rigid and flexible models considered, which comprise a capsule canopy. The objective of study is to investigate effects Martian atmosphere on unsteady produced these structural behavior It was found that in atmosphere, supersonic parachutes ...

This paper discusses the method of establishing that no hazard of increased intra-ocular pressure is incurred from the elevated carbon dioxide content of the sealed submarine atmosphere. The reasons for suspecting a possible intra-ocular pressure rise under such conditions are presented. The serial tonometry readings, both under control conditions and at elevated ambient carbon dioxide levels w...

This paper is devoted to the understanding of the “missing temperature“, called microturbulence by the astrophysicists, which appears when we want to modelize the width of stellar line profiles. In the framework of the two limiting turbulent regimes called “incompressible” and “pressure released”, and expecting that the dissipation is negligible (“rapid distortion” or RDT case), it is shown tha...