[1] Each summer large amounts of mineral dust from the Sahara are transported across the Atlantic and arrive at the Caribbean with far-reaching implications for climate in this region. In this paper we analyze summer season interannual variability of North African mineral dust over the Caribbean using the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS)/Nimbus 7 (1979–1992) and TOMS/Earth Probe (1998–20...

A project established at the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) in New Zealand is aimed at developing a prototype of a real-time landslide forecasting system. The objective is to predict temporal changes in landslide probability for shallow, rainfalltriggered landslides, based on quantitative weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models. Global weather for...

Near-global 48 3 48 gridded analysis of marine sea level pressure (SLP) from the Comprehensive Ocean– Atmosphere Data Set for monthly averages from 1854 to 1992 was produced along with its estimated error using a reduced space optimal interpolation method. A novel procedure of covariance adjustment brought the results of the analysis to the consistency with the a priori assumptions on the signa...

Abstract-Leaf area index (LAI) is a key parameter in carbon cycling models of forest ecosystem and acquiring LAI with a high spatial and temporal accuracy is of great importance to improve the performance of carbon cycling models. Remote sensing technology provides a promising and practical way to estimate LAI at a large area with high temporal coverage, and hence, considerable effort has been ...

Concentrations of mercury (Hg) are not well studied in free-ranging wildlife. Atmospheric deposition patterns of Hg have been studied in detail and have been modeled for both global and specific locations and often correlate to environmental impact. However, monitoring the impact of Hg deposition in wildlife is complicated due to local environmental conditions that can affect the transformation...

Earth history was punctuated during the Permo-Carboniferous [300-250 million years (Myr) ago] by the longest and most severe glaciation of the entire Phanerozoic Eon. But significant uncertainty surrounds the concentration of CO(2) in the atmosphere through this time interval and therefore its role in the evolution of this major prePleistocene glaciation. Here, I derive 24 Late Paleozoic CO(2) ...

A HOLOCENE RESEARCH PAPER Abstract: Interannual time-scale associations between fire occurrence and drought indices, the Southern Oscillation, and other synoptic patterns demonstrate that large-scale, long-term atmospheric features are precursors to regional fire activity. However, our knowledge of fire-climate relations over longer (century) timescales is fragmentary because of the rarity of c...

Like the southern oscillation index (SOI) based on the pressure difference between Tahiti (17.5°S, 150°W) and Darwin (12.5°S, 130°E), we propose the new atmospheric electrical index (AEI) taking the difference in the model calculated atmospheric electrical columnar resistance (Rc) which involves planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and aerosol concentration derived from the satellite measurem...

Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) is an important parameter in Radiative Transfer Models (RTMs) used for atmospheric correction of remotely-sensed data. It is often estimated from horizontal visibility measurements by use of the Koschmieder formula or other related methods built into RTMs. This paper assesses the accuracy of this estimation, in the context of atmospheric correction, by comparing ...

most scientists believe that the phenomenon of global warming occurred, however, in the case of the occurrence of this phenomenon by some environmental scientists have raised doubts. they are questioning global warming by arguing that the temperature recorded at the weather stations cannot be representative of the occurrence of the temperature rise. because with the passage of time and the incr...