The year 2015 marked the 150th anniversary of “entropy” as a concept in classical thermodynamics. Despite its central role in the mathematical formulation of the Second Law and most of classical thermodynamics, its physical meaning continues to be elusive and confusing. This is especially true when we seek a reconstruction of the classical thermodynamics of a system from the statistical behavio...

We discuss string theory α corrections to charged near-extremal black 3-branes/black holes in type IIB supergravity. We find that supersymmetric global AdS5 × S geometry is not corrected to leading order in α, while charged or non-extremal black 3-branes/black hole geometries receive α corrections. Following gauge theory-string theory correspondence the thermodynamics of these geometries is map...

We study P − V criticality of black holes in Lovelock gravities in the context of horizon thermodynamics. The corresponding first law of horizon thermodynamics emerges as one of the Einstein–Lovelock equations and assumes the universal (independent of matter content) form δE = TδS − PδV , where P is identified with the total pressure of all matter in the spacetime (including a cosmological cons...

Abstract This paper provides a comprehensive derivation of the total energy equations for atmospheric components Earth System Models (ESMs). The assumptions and approximations made in this are motivated discussed. In particular, it is emphasized that closing budget conceptually challenging hard to achieve practice without resorting ad hoc fixers. As concrete example, terms diagnosed realistic c...

the present research article highlights the metal (cd, cu, pb, zn and fe)distribution pattern in the rspm generated in different hot spot sites located at kochi, thequeen of arabian sea. these sampling sites are categorized under three different zonesas estuarine, riverine, and coastal. two sampling phases are selected in order to check theconsistency in pollution trend after a two year gap and...