The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has been able to image individual heavy atoms in a light matrix for some time. It is now able to do much more: it can resolve individual atoms as light as boron in monolayer materials; image atomic columns as light as hydrogen, identify the chemical type of individual isolated atoms from the intensity of their annular dark field (ADF) image a...

The fields of plasmonics, Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy have recently undergone considerable development, but independently of one another. By combining these techniques, a range of complementary information could be simultaneously obtained at a single molecule level. Here, we report the design, fabrication and application of a photonic-plasmonic device that is fully compatible...

This article presents the method of extraction-preconcentration of Lead, Cadmium, and Nickel ions from food samples using the Ghezeljeh montmorillonite nanoclay (Geleh-Sar-Shoor) as a new native adsorbent in batch single component systems. The extraction-preconcentration of heavy metals were carried out by applying the solid phase extraction (SPE) method followed by atomic abs...

The latest deep ultra-violet (DUV) photomask technology requires macroscopic properties such as optical transmission, reflectance, and chemical reactivity to be precisely controlled. Therefore, a fundamental understanding of the relationship between atomic bonding and nanometer scale property variation is required. Thin films of Cr-OC-N are compositionally graded to produce specific attenuation...

Nanocrystalline fluorinated silicon films are studied by using Raman spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, nonlinear laser spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Electrical properties of nanocrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon films were compared. The field-assisted migration of point defects is dramatic for durabi...

The following two contributions in this volume are highlighting some remarkable recent developments at the interface between precision laser spectroscopy and ultrafast laser physics. After decades of struggle, we have finally found a practical method for measuring the frequency of light with extreme precision [1]. Femtosecond laser optical frequency comb synthesizers are opening exciting new pe...

This study is focused on the evaluation of zinc oxide properties and behavior at commercially available cosmetic ingredients by in vitro methods of dermal absorption of zinc oxide and its subsequent chemical determinations. Two methods for determination of ZnO were used and the results were compared. The spectrophotometric method (SPM) was selected for its sensitivity and atomic absorption spec...

Aberration correction in the Scanning Transmission Electron Microcope (STEM) is pushing the achievable spatial resolution for imaging and spectroscopy into the sub-angstrom regime, providing a new level of insight into the structure/property relations of complex materials. The combination of atomic-resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectros...

Ultra-cold alkaline earth atoms show great promise as future optical frequency standards and as key components in optical atomic clocks. Atomic strontium is an exciting candidate for a future standard as the level structure provides multiple narrow clock transitions as well as means for efficient laser cooling to μK temperatures. A variety of measurement techniques are currently being explored ...