Recent reviews of the neurobiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) have concluded that there is no single pathophysiological profile underlying this disorder. Certainly, dysfunctions in the frontal/subcortical pathways that control attention and motor behavior are implicated. However, no diagnostic criteria or behavioral/neuroimaging techniques allow a clear discrimination a...

Learning techniques are drawing extensive attention in the robotics community. Some reasons behind moving from traditional preprogrammed robots to learning robots are to save time and energy, and allow non-technical users to easily work with robots. Learning from Demonstration (LfD) and Imitation Learning (IL), in which the robot learns by observing a human or robot tutor, are among the most po...

Significant research effort has been focusing on using GIS for advanced spatial statistics, modeling, and simulation. This paper argues that even though GIS have great potential to facilitate sophisticated spatial modeling and spatial statistics, the simple but important theme of combining spatial information with statistical analysis has not received enough attention and should not be neglecte...

Distinguishing which of the many proposed neural mechanisms of spatial attention actually underlies behavioral improvements in visually guided tasks has been difficult. One attractive hypothesis is that attention allows downstream neural circuits to selectively integrate responses from the most informative sensory neurons. This would allow behavioral performance to be based on the highest-quali...

Any attempt to introduce automation into the monitoringof complex physical systems must start from a robust anomaly detection capability. This task is far from straightforward, for a single definition of what constitutes an anomaly is difficult to come by. In addition, to make the monitoring process efficient, and to avoid the potential for information overload on human operators, attention foc...

Fundamental investigations about differential limen (DL) for word-based speech rate variations in Japanese are described. We carry out auditory tests with stimuli made by equally lengthening or shortening a duration of a word in a sentence. We set up the experiments to diffuse the subjects' focus of attention. When the focus is diffused, the DL value of acceleration increases in several cases. ...

We measured activity in the dorsal system of the human cortex with magnetoencephalography (MEG) during a matching-to-sample plus cueing paradigm, where participants judged the occurrence of changes in either categorical or coordinate spatial relations (e.g., exchanges of left versus right positions or changes in the relative distances) between images of pairs of animals. The attention window wa...

Have there been times when you just couldn’t focus on homework or wait for your turn to speak? We all have these experiences! But for some children and adults, focusing, sitting, or waiting is extra hard, and that gets them into trouble all the time. They may have something called, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). But why is it harder for them to do these things? We thought that...

This article provides a review of the construct of attention from a non-traditional standpoint. Attention is conceptualized by focusing on the categorical concept of the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, large-scale brain network models of functional neuroanatomy, and implications for understanding lateralized hemispheric brain organization. Cortical systems are multifuncti...