For tabled Lindenmayer systems and their languages, the degree of synchronization and the degree of nondeterminism are well investigated measures of descriptional complexity. In this paper the sequential counterparts of tabled Lindenmayer systems, namely cooperating distributed grammar systems and their pure variant (working in the so called t-mode of derivation) are treated with respect to the...

Given an undirected graph and pairs of terminals theRestricted Vertex Multicut problem asks for a minimum set of nonterminal vertices whose removal disconnects each pair of terminals. The problem is known to be NP-complete for trees and polynomial-time solvable for interval graphs. In this paper we give a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem on permutation graphs. Furthermore we show that ...

This paper presents new models for all recursive enumerable languages. These models are based on multigenerative grammar systems that simultaneously generate several strings in a parallel way. The components of these models are context -free grammars, working in a leftmost way. The rewritten nonterminals are determined by a finite set of nonterminal sequences.

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In a dual-task paradigm, a visual display (T1) containing characters (letters or symbols) was presented first, followed by an auditory signal (T2) at various stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs). A speeded response to T2 was required. When the information in T1 had to be recalled later, response times to T2 (RT2) were elevated at short SOAs and decreased as SOA was increased. The effects on RT2 w...

The mental chronometry of the human brain's processing of sounds to be categorized as targets has intensively been studied in cognitive neuroscience. According to current theories, a series of successive stages consisting of the registration, identification, and categorization of the sound has to be completed before participants are able to report the sound as a target by button press after ∼30...

in during contemporary, its few of artists for numerous changes in artistic creation who have cared to reproduce some special symbols. in fact, these symbols are minor contain to the beliefs, cultures and values of people in the country. one of the most important artists is jazeh tabatabaie, painter and sculptor, devoting significant share to review of symbols. he recreated some of the symbols ...

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) is reaching an up most position in the pedagogical field of English as a Second or Foreign Language (ESL/EFL). The present study was carried out to study the effect of using phonetic websites on Iranian EFL students’ pronunciation and knowledge of phonemic symbols. Participants of the study included 30 EFL female pre-intermediate students studyin...

background and aim: bilingualism is an important phenomenon with different effects on each aspect of language processing. auditory temporal processing is a major component of the auditory processing ability. since bilingual and monolingual individual’s brain process are different, and no studies have yet been conducted on the effect of temporal processing on speech recognition performance of az...

contemporary   poetry   has  always  aimed  at  achieving  its  goal  in  reflecting  social  &  political  realities   and  awaring  people  and  encouraging  them  in  changes  which  lead  to  improvements  by (using & exploiting )  new  literary  techniques. moreover ,  applying  symbols  as  one  of  the  literary  interpretation ,  is  the  most  salient  sample  of contemporary arabic  p...