A sigma delta modulator incorporating a linear phase integrator instead of a conventional voltage-domain integrator is described. The architecture allows achieving a quasi-second order noise shaping by using a passive SC low-pass filter in the first stage. Simulation results demonstrate that the circuit can operate with sampling frequencies of hundred of MHz while obtaining a figure of merit (F...

OBJECTIVES To develop a direct method for measuring intra-abdominal pressures in the standing horse, identify a reference interval for direct intra-abdominal pressures, compare these pressures to indirect intra-abdominal pressures measured from the bladder, and determine the optimal bladder infusion volume for indirect pressure measurement. DESIGN Prospective, experimental study. SETTING A ...

We investigated a model for the neural integrator based on hysteretic units connected by positive feedback. Hysteresis is assumed to emerge from the intrinsic properties of the cells. We consider the recurrent networks containing either bistable or multistable neurons. We apply our analysis to the oculomotor velocity-to-position neural integrator that calculates eye positions using the inputs t...