There has been much debate as to whether muscle is present in normal lymph nodes and, if so, where. There are few records of muscle in abnormal lymph nodes. An incidental observation of muscular proliferation (Lott and Davies, this Journal, 1983, 98, 90-91) in an axillary node draining breast carcinoma prompted this further investigation. Examination by dissection microscopy and at higher magni...

Results: In the study period, there were 7 cases with concurrent or past history of tuberculosis. Two cases had concurrent tuberculosis of axillary lymph nodes, one had contralateral calcified tuberculous axillary lymph nodes that were radiologically suspicious for malignancy and the other one had ipsi-lateral tuberculous axillary lymph nodes discovered during axillary dissection. Both were rel...

Secretory carcinoma is a rare low-grade breast carcinoma, initially termed "juvenile breast cancer," but it is now known to occur in adults of both sexes. It is the only epithelial tumor of the breast with a balanced translocation, t(12;15), that creates an ETV6-NTRK3 gene translocation. In this paper, a 19-year-old male patient has had a right breast mass for 9 years which suddenly increased i...

INTRODUCTION The feasibility and accuracy of the sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer is still controversial. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-one consecutive patients with the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and complete axillary lymph nod...

Axillary staging of patients with early-stage breast cancer is essential in the treatment planning. Currently such staging is intraoperatively performed, but there is a tendency to seek a preoperative and less invasive technique to detect lymph node metastasis. Ultrasonography is widely utilized for this purpose, many times in association with fine-needle aspiration biopsy or core needle biopsy...

Because the tumor status of the regional lymph nodes is the most important prognostic factor in patients with early-stage breast cancer, accurate histopathologic assessment of these nodes is essential for optimal management, including the selection of candidates for adjuvant systemic therapies. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping using a vital blue dye, with or without a radiocolloid, can identify...

Women with isolated metastatic carcinoma or adenocarcinoma involving axillary lymph nodes are a well-recognized group of unknown primary carcnoma (UPC) patients with a favorable prognosis. This group of patients are generally treated based on the assumption that they have occult breast cancer. However, to facilitate patient access to the whole spectrum of therapies available for patients with b...

BACKGROUND The axillary nodal status is essential to determine the stage of disease at diagnosis. Our aim was to prospectively assess the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration (US-FNA) for the detection of metastasis in axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer (BC) and its impact on the therapeutic decision. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasonography (US) ...

The concomitant presence of tuberculous and sarcoid like lesions in the lymph nodes, which drain a neoplasm, is very rare. The case which is reported here is that of a 40 years old female patient who presented with a history of a right sided breast mass of 5 years duration. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast lump suggested the features of a phyllodes tumour of questionable mal...

CXCR4 is a 7-transmembrane G-protein chemokine receptor that allows for migration of hematopoietic cells from the bone marrow to the peripheral lymph nodes. Research has shown CXCR4 to be implicated in the invasion and metastasis of several cancers, including carcinoma of the breast. CXCL12 is the ligand for CXCR4 and is highly expressed in areas common for breast cancer metastasis, including t...