This study was conducted to assess the exposure risk through inhalation to baby powder for babies and adults under simulated conditions. Baby powder was applied to a baby doll and the amount of baby powder consumed per application was estimated. The airborne exposure to baby powder during application was then evaluated by sampling the airborne baby powder near the breathing zones of both the ba...

OBJECTIVE To determine changes in the breastfeeding practices of mothers after receiving counseling on 'Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding' as defined by the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative comparing baby friendly hospitals (BFHs) and non-baby-friendly hospitals in Sindh, Pakistan. METHODS The observational study was conducted from June 2007 to June 2009 in randomly selected baby-friendl...

in hot dip galvanizing, several parameters such as chemical composition of coating bath, immersion time and surface roughness of specimens could affect microstructure and properties of coating. in this article, the effect of aluminum content, immersion time and surface roughness on structure and properties of alloy layers have been investigated. specimens of low carbon silicon-free steel with d...

Bioprospecting, defined as the systematic search for valuable, molecules, genes and organisms in nature, has the potential to offer island countries a means to use biodiversity without disrupting nature; to add value to their natural resources; to ensure that such resources are protected and used in a sustainable manner; and to build the necessary skills to apply biotechnology in improving qual...

Do we need an international regime on access to genetic resources and benefit sharing (ABS) ? The Seventh Conference of the Parties (COP) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 2003) to be held in February 2004 will probably give a political answer to this question. However, we would hope there is time for further legal, technical and economic analysis of this proposal before a definit...

Outstanding among the global environmental issues that have emerged since the 1980s is the issue of the rapid loss of biodiversity. This is an issue that is urgent from the ecological standpoint and strategic from the economic, political and social standpoints. With the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD, 1992) a new global framework was introduced, together with a new international code o...

BACKGROUND The quantities of Legionella vary considerably from natural waters to water in contaminated domestic hot water supplies, whirlpool spas and cooling towers, with the risk for LD rising as the Legionella counts grow. We currently report the results from our Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model evaluation. We developed the LD QMRA model to better understand Legionella exp...