A model of stochastic games where multiple controllers jointly control the evolution of the state of a dynamic system but have access to different information about the state and action processes is considered. The asymmetry of information among the controllers makes it difficult to compute or characterize Nash equilibria. Using common information among the controllers, the game with asymmetric...

In this paper, we introduce public announcement logic in different geometric frameworks. First, we consider topological models, and then extend our discussion to a more expressive model, namely, subset spacemodels. Furthermore,we prove the completeness of public announcement logic in those frameworks. After that, we apply our results to different issues: announcement stabilization, backward ind...

The main goal of concept-oriented programming (COP) is describing how objects are represented and accessed. It makes references (object locations) first-class elements of the program responsible for many important functions which are difficult to model via objects. COP rethinks and generalizes such primary notions of object-orientation as class and inheritance by introducing a novel construct, ...

We present a computational model of approach learning in a T-maze environment. We show that our model learns the correct sequence of six decisions that lead to the location of positive reinforcement and in a manner consistent with experimental observations. Our model exhibits many properties that are characteristic of animal learning in maze environments including delay conditioning, secondary ...

Earthquakes pose a significant threat to infrastructure systems. However, improving the seismic resilience of systems in earthquake-prone regions is fraught with obstacles. First, this article reviews current status earthquake research, points out gaps existing and then focuses on adaptability resilience. Secondly, five groups influencing factors system are identified clustered through literatu...

In this paper, we propose a cooperative diversity scheme to improve the end-to-end outage performance via Alamouti space-time block coding with two transmit antennas at a source node in a backward link and a best-relay selection scheme in a forward link. We derive an exact closed-form expression of the outage probability for the proposed scheme over a Rayleigh fading channel and analyze end-to-...

This paper, I have focused on the tax side of the fiscal policy to  investigate the past and future behavior of fiscal sustainability in Iran. To do so, I have employed two different forward-looking and backward-looking approaches. First, the backward-looking approach is the fiscal policy rule proposed by Daving & Leeper (2011). Precisely, this rule determines that whether the fiscal policy is ...

To formalize the intuition presented in Section 4 using a simple framework, suppose that a perfectly myopic, risk-neutral sovereign imperfectly controls a polity that creates output of size one each period. Denote by γ the amount of land controlled by the military regardless of the actions of the sovereign (this can be interpreted as the percentage of the entire polity controlled by the militar...

Backward induction is a widely accepted principle for predicting behavior in sequential games. In the classic example of the “centipede game,” however, players frequently violate this principle. An alternative is a “dynamic level-k” model, where players choose a rule from a rule hierarchy. The rule hierarchy is iteratively defined such that the level-k rule is a best response to the level-(k-1)...

In this paper, we provide evidence for functional asymmetries in forward and backward connections that define hierarchical architectures in the brain. We exploit the fact that modulatory or nonlinear influences of one neuronal system on another (i.e., effective connectivity) entail coupling between different frequencies. Functional asymmetry in forward and backward connections was addressed by ...