despite recent innovations in the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis, solid data-necessary for early determination of bacterial meningitis (bm) before organism growth in the culture medium-are missing. therefore cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lactate levels were evaluated as a possible means of differentiating the two clinical entities. this was a retrospective study. pat...

UNLABELLED Insects commonly harbor facultative bacterial endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia and Spiroplasma species, that are vertically transmitted from mothers to their offspring. These endosymbiontic bacteria increase their propagation by manipulating host reproduction or by protecting their hosts against natural enemies. While an increasing number of studies have reported endosymbiont-mediate...

Domain formation in bacteria-mimetic membranes due to cationic peptide binding was recently proposed based on calorimetric data. We now use (2)H solid-state NMR to critically examine the presence and absence of domains in bacterial membranes containing zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and anionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycero...

Phosphatidic acid has been given a key position in the scheme of animal lipid metabolism because of its ability to serve as a presursor of a variety of animal lipids. The recent reports of the biosynthesis of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylglycerol (1, 2) in Escherichia coli and other bacteria suggest that phosphatidic acid (in the coenzyme form, cytidine diphosphate diglyceride) will also ...

Membrane-disrupting antimicrobial peptides provide broad-spectrum defence against localized bacterial invasion in a range of hosts including humans. The most generally held consensus is that targeting to pathogens is based on interactions with the head groups of membrane lipids. Here we show that the action of LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide switches the mode of action based on the structu...

The Corticoviridae is a family of icosahedral, internal-membrane-containing viruses with double-stranded circular DNA genomes of approximately 10 kb. Only one species, Pseudoalteromonas virus PM2, has been recognized. Pseudoalteromonas virus PM2 infects Gram-negative bacteria and was isolated from seawater in 1968. Pseudoalteromonas virus PM2 is the first bacterial virus in which the presence o...

The activity of bacterial phospholipase D (PLD), a Ca-dependent enzyme, toward phosphatidylcholine bilayers was enhanced 7-fold by incorporation of 10 mol % phosphatidic acid (PA) in the vesicle bilayer. Addition of other negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylmethanol, and oleic acid either inhibited or had no effect on enzyme activity. Only negatively charged lipi...

In choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, multicellular rosette development is regulated by environmental bacteria. The simplicity of this evolutionarily relevant interaction provides an opportunity to identify the molecules and regulatory logic underpinning bacterial regulation of development. We find that the rosette-inducing bacterium Algoriphagus machipongonensis produc...

Fatty acids (FA) and lipids are well known regulators of plant defense. Our previous studies have shown that components of prokaryotic (plastidal) FA biosynthesis pathway regulate various aspects of plant defense. Here, we investigated the defense related roles of the soluble acyl CoA binding proteins (ACBPs), which are thought to facilitate the intracellular transport of FA/lipids. We show tha...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of commercial herbal and chemical medicines on growth performance, serum lipids, intestinal selected bacterial population and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. In this study, 450 day-old female broiler chickens (Arian strain) were divided into 10 treatments with three replicates of 15 chicks per replicate. On day 14 of the experiment,...