Rapid development in electrical technology has imposed strong challenges to modern power system. Power quality become a great concern due proliferation of electronic loads. Specifically for lighting load such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), one the concerning issues is harmonics. CFL cost-competitive and energy efficient compared incandescent lamp. Inevitably, produces harmonics current no...

With the growth of maritime traffic and the use of large ships, ballast water has become a leading dispersing agent of harmful organisms (David et al., 2007; Souza et al., 2001). According to Ruiz et al. (2000) human pathogens are also being transported through ballast water. As an example, we mention a cholera epidemic occurred in Peru in 1991 and quickly spread through Latin America (McCarthy...

In this article, we determined the concentration levels of metals including Zn, Al, Sr, and Co and metalloid of As of ballast water in commercial ships entering Bushehr port, along the Persian Gulf. Ballast water samples were taken from commercial ships entering Bushehr port from 34 ports around the world during 15 February and 25 August 2016. The concentration levels of metals and metalloid we...

The discharge of nutrients, phytoplankton and pathogenic bacteria through ballast water may threaten the Cayo Arcas reef system. To assess this threat, the quality of ballast water and presence of coral reef pathogenic bacteria in 30 oil tankers loaded at the PEMEX Cayo Arcas crude oil terminal were determined. The water transported in the ships originated from coastal, oceanic or riverine regi...

It is known, that track deterioration (loss of its geometry) strongly depends on track support conditions, particularly on the ballast. In this paper a novel approach is presented to predict the evolution of track vertical irregularities due to vehicle-track dynamic interaction taking into account ballast stiffness with dry friction. An applied vehicle-track model is composed of a railway car a...

Ballast water has been a major source of non-indigenous species introductions. The International Maritime Organization has proposed performance standard that will establish an upper limit for viable organisms in discharged ballast. Here we test different sampling efforts for zooplankton in ballast water on a commercial vessel. We fit different probability density functions to find the most repr...

The efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in eliminating organisms present in estuarine ballast water of a containership was determined under actual operating conditions by comparing the survival of planktonic communities present in waters of treated and control ballast tanks. Sampling was via ballast-tank hatches. The treatment (5 mg L(-1)ClO2 without pre-filtration) delivered by a prototype ClO...

Ballast as a part of the railway system plays an important role in the operation of the railways and also has a great impact on repair and maintenance activities. Hence most of the repair and maintenance activities in traditional railway systems are due to the defections in the ballast layer and therefore most of the maintenance budget is spent on repairing these defects. These repair and maint...