"permitted" tasks of both physicians and apothecaries. Fischer-Mauch argues that the difficulties that arose from this and later attempts to define medical competencies with greater precision determined that tense, and sometimes bitter, confrontations between physicians and apothecaries would be the rule well into the nineteenth century. The points of conflict that Fischer-Mauch identifies, how...

Dermoscopy has been incorporated as a useful dermatologic diagnostic tool in recent years. Its original indication----the differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions----has been broadened to include other noncancerous skin diseases, such as diseases of the hair, psoriasis, scabies, and connective tissue diseases. We report a case in which dermoscopy was used to rule out a pigmented plantar lesi...

Much occupational disease in Europe is skin related and is mostly eczemas, usually on the hands (Dickel et al., 2001). In Britain, there are 31 000 cases of skin diseases that are reported by the sufferers to be work-related (HSE, 2005). Occupational dermatitis is a well-known problem among hairdressers, as either irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis, or often a combinatio...

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, may I first say how gratified I am to see so many of you here, and especially my senior colleagues. It is always a pleasure to see them, and it must always be so at the Royal Victoria Hospital. However, I hope that you will forgive me if I address myself principally to the younger generation. I would like to associate myself with Mr. Irwin's welcome to those of you who hav...

Neuroradiologic special procedures represent extraordinary feats of craftsmanship. To show respect for our patients, and for our teachers, we seek to bring forth the finest expression of our craft in each procedure. We all have our own little halls of fame, composed of revered individuals, who for us personify the essence of the craft. We have developed our own techniques over years, composites...

THE PART played by the Free Dispensaries in the evolution of medical education in Britain has not yet been adequately appreciated. This may initially have been due to the campaign of vilification of dispensaries carried on by Thomas Wakley in the early years of the Lancet, for such campaigns often leave a lasting impression on readers who are not informed of the other side of the question. The ...

Introduction  Circumcision is the most widely practised surgical procedure in the world. One sixth of the male popuiation have a ritual circumcision. The procedure was formerly exclusively per­formed by lay practitioners, jewish rabbis and barbers with physicians playing no role in the performance and it was a purely religious rite up to the late 19th Century.  Abraham apparently first advoca...

There are different options available for classifying the history of surgical research by social and cultural eras. A simple classification divides surgical research history into two periods: the first spans the centuries from Antiquity to the Early Modern and the second from the Early Modern to the present. The first ‘‘operations’’ were trepanations. In the ancient world, research activity tha...

AMIRA EL-AZHARY SONBOL, The creation of a medical profession in Egypt, 1800-1922, Syracuse University Press, 1991, pp. xii, 177, $34.95 (0-8156-2541-3). In this study Amira Sonbol uses the history of the rise of a modern medical profession in Egypt as a vehicle for examining the question of social change and the impact of westernization in a Middle Eastern country. The book ranges over numerous...

MAIN OBJECTIVESHepatitis B is a major public health problem and about 2 billion people globally, have been infected with this problem. Present study was carried out among students of University ofSargodha, Pakistan to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B. Blood samples of 1193 students were screened for hepatitis B through ELISA. Overall 3.18% student were found HBVpositive with ...