the study was carried out to investigate the effective soil and topographic features on distribution of plant types in sanib taftan watershed in sistan-and-balouchestan province, iran. initially, land units map was specified by combining three maps of slope, aspect and altitude. five types including artemisia santolina- hammada salicornica, artemisia sieberi- amygdalus lycioides, artemisia lehm...

Some endemic shrubs in arid and semiarid ecosystems are in danger of extinction, and yet they can play useful roles in maintaining or restoring these ecosystems, thus practical efforts are needed to conserve them. The shrubs Amygdalus pedunculata Pall., Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim. ex Kom.) Cheng f. are endemic species in arid and semiarid regions of...

The application of the cadastral concept in common law jurisdictions is reviewed. The relationship between a cadastre and a statewide parcel based land information system is highlighted. The origins and evolution of cadastres are described. The characteristics and development of existing land administration systems in common law jurisdictions are discussed. It is suggested that there is a consi...

Botswana recently embarked on an effort to improve its National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). This paper takes an example of the country’s effort to improve information for land administration and the problems this effort has had because of a poor spatial data infrastructure. It then discussed how the current effort is likely to have impact on the organization of information for land mana...

The international initiatives by various agencies (such as World bank, FAO, UN, FIG, etc.) suggest that cadastre and land registration systems are currently undergoing major changes worldwide. On such changes, the emerging trends focus on easy access to land, security of land tenure, establishment and operation of efficient land markets, formalization of property rights, incorporating customary...

The literature paints a fairly common scenario for developing countries. It is one in which land is an increasingly scarce resource; where distribution is perceived to be unequal; where compensation for land required for infrastructure is unfair; where revenue through taxes is low and disproportionately shared; where land transactions are expensive and bureaucratic and where the levels of dispu...

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of “cooperative buildings” and “roomware” and place them in the context of the integrated design of real, physical, resp. architectural spaces and virtual, resp. digital information spaces. By “roomware” we mean computer-augmented things in rooms, like doors, walls, furniture, and others. The general approach is detailed via examples from the i-LAND proj...

This inquiry is practical in nature. Researching children’s behavioral problems and family’s communication as a practitioner would give me worthwhile knowledge that I could use for practice. However, Kerlinger and Lee (1999) stated that the primary purpose of empirical research is theory. Solving an applied problem is not a sufficient or an appropriate reason to conduct empirical research. Empi...