The presence of plant litter on the soil surface influINTRODUCTION ences the flow of nutrients, carbon, water, and energy in Ecological Importance of Litter terrestrial ecosystems. Quantifying plant litter cover is Litter is senescent (or dead) plant material that gradually important for interpreting vegetated landscapes and for decomposes into soil. It is difficult to classify litter beevaluat...

Commercial humic fertilizers (humates) can be used to improve carbon sequestration. In this study, a 3-year field trial (2016–2018) employed four treatments investigate the mechanism by which humate increases sequestration in fluvo-aquic soils: (1) blank: bare soil with no agricultural treatment; (2) control: standard film mulch (FM) ridge-furrow tillage (which acts as CK); (3) humate: FM plus ...

Soil biodiversity loss due to pollution may affect ecosystem services negatively. This environmental problem be solved by phytoremediation, which is an effective strategy manage and remediate contaminated areas. During this remediation process, the establishment of plant communities improve soil fungal community structure and, in particular, favour mycorrhizal symbiotic associations. As a conse...

background a doctor’s competence and professionalism is often judged on the basis of attire. our lady of lourdes (olol) is a leading irish hospital in the implementation of bare below the elbows (bbte) policy, however surgical attire is not standardised and there is great variability in attire worn on wards. we aimed to evaluate patients attitude towards surgeons attire in olol.   methods a pro...

The intensive corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production practices currently used in the Midwestern U.S. concern producers stakeholders. negative impact of these two-crop rotations on environment affects water quality soil erosion increases flooding risks. Due to concerns, cover crops and, specifically, perennial groundcover (PGC) cropping systems have gained greater int...

The topographic threshold is based on the power relationship between area and slope widely applied in gully-erosion research; however, this requires further testing. Accordingly, Alamarvdasht Lamerd Fadagh Larestan regions Fars Province, Iran, were selected as case studies to explore for gullies. Thirty active gullies identified each study during field surveys, data describing land use cover, d...

Soil food web structure and function is primarily determined by the major basal resources, which are living plant tissue, root exudates and dead organic matter. A field experiment was performed to disentangle the interlinkage of the root-and detritus-based soil food chains. An arable site was cropped either with maize, amended with maize shoot litter or remained bare soil, representing food web...

The new advances of having eight bands satellite mission similar to WorldView-2, WV-2, give the chance to address and solve some of the traditional problems related to the low spatial and/or spectral resolution; such as the lack of details for certain features or the inability of the conventional classifiers to detect some land-cover types because of missing efficient spectrum information and a...

To investigate differences in the frictional behavior between initially bare rock surfaces of serpentinite and powdered serpentinite ("gouge") at subseismic to seismic slip rates, we conducted single-velocity step and multiple-velocity step friction experiments on an antigorite-rich and lizardite-rich serpentinite at slip rates (V) from 0.003 m/s to 6.5 m/s, sliding displacements up to 1.6 m, a...

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission was designed to provide global mapping of soil moisture (SM) on nested 3, 9, and 36 km earth grids measured by L-band passive and active microwave sensors. The validation of SMAP SM products is crucial for the application of the products and improvement of the retrieval algorithm. Since the SMAP SM products were released, much effort has been inve...