This issue of Interface Focus is being used to introduce readers of Interface to research into the use of plants to supply mankind with renewable energy and material resources. This field is given the general name of biorenewables research, but over the past few years it has come to public attention through media coverage surrounding one type of biorenewable product, liquid biofuels. Biofuels r...

In recent years bio-based polymer composites have been the subject of many scientific and research projects, as well as many commercial programs. Growing global environmental and social concern, the high rate of depletion of petroleum resources and new environmental regulations have forced the search for new composites and green materials, compatible with the environment. The aim of this articl...

The most significant application of bio medicinal data analysis is used to determine or classify the unknown samples with the help of known samples to make a decision. Several general purpose data mining classification techniques have been proposed to identify the bio medicinal patterns. Because of their high dimensionality, multiple classes, unlearned data and hidden values, bio medicinal data...

This paper discusses about the relevance of detecting space radiations which are very harmful and pose numerous health issues for astronauts. There are many ways to detect radiations, but we present a non-invasive way of detecting them in real-time while an astronaut is in the mission. All Terrain Bio-nano (ATB) gear system is one such concept where we propose to detect various levels of space ...

A two-dimensional bio®lm model was developed based on the concept of cellular automata. Three simple, generic processes were included in the model: cell growth, internal and external mass transport and cell detachment (erosion). The model generated a diverse range of bio®lm morphologies (from dense layers to open, mushroom-like forms) similar to those observed in real bio®lm systems. Bulk nutri...

Irrevocability is one major issue in existing bio-cryptosystems. In this paper, we proposed a cancellable bio-cryptosystem by taking the full advantage of cancellable and non-invertible properties of bio-hashing biometrics. Specifically, two transformed templates are generated by using the bio-hashing algorithm and applied into two different secure sketches, fuzzy commitment sketch and fuzzy va...

The human skin hosts an array of sensors that are capable of detecting and interpreting many traits important to how we function and survive. The goal of mimicking this capability in composites to create intelligent composite materials has led to the development of a bio-inspired stretchable network composed of numerous micro-fabricated sensors capable of detecting multiple stimuli. The compone...

In biology, hair-based sensor systems are used regularly for measurement of physical quantities like acceleration, flow, rotational rate and IR-light. In this chapter, two different types of bio-inspired sensors for inertial measurement are discussed, which have been developed using surface micromachining and SU-8 lithography. First, an accelerometer inspired by the cricket’s clavate hair is pr...

Study on biological sequence database similarity searching has received substantial attention in the past decade, especially after the sequencing of the human genome. As a result, with larger and larger increases in database sizes, fast similarity search is becoming an important issue. Transforming sequences into numerical vectors, called sequence descriptors, for storing in a multidimensional ...