This article describes the application of on-line nonlinear monitoring of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Three-way batch data of SBR are unfolded batchwisely, and then a nonlinear multivariate monitoring method is used to capture the nonlinear characteristics of normal batches. The approach is successfully applied to an 80L SBR for biological wastewater treatment, where the SBR poses an inte...

Self-organizing maps (SOM) have been successfully applied in many fields of research. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of SOM-based method for the analysis of Expandable PolyStyrene (EPS) batch process. To this end, a data set of EPS-batch process was used for training a SOM. Reference vectors of the SOM were then classified by K-means algorithm into six clusters, which represent product t...

We analyze an infinite-server queueing model with synchronized arrivals and departures driven by the point process {Tn} according to the following rules. At time Tn, a single customer (or a batch of size βn) arrives to the system. The service requirement of the ith customer in the nth batch is σi,n. All customers enter service immediately upon arrival but each customer leaves the system at the ...

the purpose of the current research is investigating the phenylalanine removal by using magnetic nanoparticles (fe3o4) from water samples. the effect of ph, contact time and phenylalanine concentration on phenylalanine adsorption efficiency by magnetite nanoparticles are studied in a batch system. transmission electron microscopy (tem), x-ray diffraction patterns (xrd) and fourier transform inf...

A batch machine is a machine that can process up to c jobs simultaneously as a batch, and the processing time of the batch is equal to the longest processing time of the jobs assigned to it. In this paper, we deal with the complexity of scheduling an unbounded batch machine, i.e., c = +∞. We prove that minimizing total tardiness is binary NP-hard, which has been an open problem in the literatur...

The operation of an industrial semi-batch reactor, in which the bulk chemical EHEC, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, is produced, is studied and simulated. In the reactor a strongly exothermic polymerization reaction takes place followed by a slightly exothermic reaction, and we want to minimize the duration of the operation of the process. Various operational as well as quality and safety related...

White wine fermentations are typically performed in an entirely batchwise manner, with yeast nutrients only added at the beginning of fermentation. This leads to slow (2+ weeks) fermentation cycle times, large capital expenditures required increase winery processing capacity. Prior attempts speed via increasing temperature have resulted unpalatable wine, and continuous is uneconomical impractic...

We define events so as to reduce the number of events and decision variables needed for modeling batchscheduling problems such as described in [Westenberger and Kallrath (1994)]. We propose a new MILP formulation based on this concept, defining non-uniform time periods as needed and decision variables that are not time-indexed. It can handle complicated multi-product/multi-stage machine process...