On the basis of earlier results with furan and thiophene derivatives benzobicyclo[3.2.1]octadiene, photocatalytic oxygenation novel furo- thieno heterostilbenes water-soluble manganese(III) porphyrins offered suitable possibilities to study their reactivities reaction pathways depending on heteroatom catalyst charge. The experiments were carried out in two reactors types (batch microflow) inves...

A structured mathematical model of anaerobic conversion of complex organic materials in non-ideally cyclic-batch reactors for biogas production has been developed. The  model is based on multiple-reaction stoichiometry (enzymatic hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis), microbial growth kinetics, conventional material balances in the liquid and gas phases for a cyclic-bat...

This paper presents a stochastic nonlinear model predictive control technique for discrete-time uncertain nonlinear systems with particular focus on the batch polymerization reactor application. We consider a nonlinear dynamical system subject to chance constraints (i.e. need to be satisfied probabilistically up to a pre-assigned level). This formulation leads to a finite-horizon chance-constra...

In this study, an innovative aerobic/anoxic sludge bed bioreactor with two feeding regimes, continuous-fed (an up-flow sludge bed reactor (USBR)) and batch fed (sequencing batch reactor (SBR)), was evaluated for the treatment of an industrial estate wastewater with low BOD(5)/COD ratio. The process performance in the two regimes was compared. Two numerical independent variables (retention/react...

Biodiesel as an alternative and renewable fuel could be applied in diesel engines in order to reduce air contamination and dependence to fossil fuels. So far, various processes were prepared for biodiesel production, but using transesterification method via base catalyst in batch reactors could result in a reasonable yield of biodiesel. At the present study, a batch tank reactor equipped to a h...

A transparent dual-channel microreactor with highly enhanced contact area-to-volume ratio was fabricated for efficient photosensitized oxygenations. The dual-channel microreactor shielded with polyvinylsilazane (PVSZ) consisting of an upper channel for liquid flow and a lower channel for O(2) flow, allows sufficient phase contact along the parallel channels through a gas permeable PDMS membrane...

A simplified approach to the model development and scale-up of a packed bubble column reactor from pilot semi-batch mode to continuous commercial operation has been presented. This is illustrated by choosing the reaction of ethynylation of formaldehyde to 1,4-butynediol for which correct reaction mechanism is difficult to postulate in the compelling safety limitations. The apparent reaction kin...

Model compound testing was conducted in a batch reactor to evaluate the effects of trace contaminant components on catalytic hydrogenation of sugars. Trace components are potential catalyst poisons when processing biomass feedstocks to value-added chemical products. Trace components include inorganic elements such as alkali metals and alkaline earths, phosphorus, sulfur, aluminum, silicon, chlo...