BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE BBB disruption after acute ischemic stroke and subsequent permeability increase may be enhanced by reperfusion. Agmatine has been reported to attenuate BBB disruption. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of agmatine on BBB stabilization in a rat model of transient cerebral ischemia by using permeability dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging at early stages and subsequently...

Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com Abbreviations: AD: Alzheimer Disease; Apo-E: ApoLipoprotein-E; BBB: Blood Brain Barrier; Brainpeps: BBB Peptide Database; CNS: Central Nervous System; CSF: CerebroSpinal Fluid; EPIC: Engineered Peptide Compound; HAD: HIVAssociated Dementia; HIFU: High Intensity Focused Ultrasound; HIV: HIV Encephalitis; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; LPR: Lipopr...

Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during acute hypertension may contribute to hypertensive encephalopathy. In this study we tested the hypothesis that, in chronic hypertension, vascular changes might influence the susceptibility of the BBB to disruption. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (WKY), 3-4 months of age, were anesthetized and acute hypertension was p...

The diversity of infectious agents capable of inducing meningitis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) injury suggests the potential for a common host mediator. The inflammatory polypeptides, IL-1 and TNF, were tested in an experimental rat model as candidate mediators for induction of meningitis and BBB injury. Intracisternal challenge of rIL-1 beta into rats induced neutrophil emigration into cerebr...

The aim of the present study was to develop a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability model that is applicable in the drug discovery phase. The BBB ensures proper neural function, but it restricts many drugs from entering the brain, and this complicates the development of new drugs against central nervous system diseases. Many in vitro models have been developed to predict BBB permeability, but ...

PURPOSE Occurrence of brain damage is frequently associated with abnormal blood-brain barrier (BBB) function. Two brain-specific proteins, S100beta and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are released systemically in a variety of neurological diseases, but S100beta levels sometimes rise in the absence of neuronal damage, suggesting that S100beta is a marker of BBB rather than neuronal damage. METHO...

The ratio of drug levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to plasma (CSF/plasma) at equilibrium has been viewed as in vivo free fraction (fp) in plasma [CSF/plasma = fp], if no active transport is involved in brain penetration. We determined the CSF/plasma level following oral administration in rats and in vitro rat plasma protein binding for 20 compounds that were synthesized in our institute and ...

The ATP-gated P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7) is involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Several antagonists have been developed, though none them reached clinical trials for this indication. In work, we designed and synthesized novel blood–brain barrier (BBB)-permeable derivatives as potential antagonists. They comprise purine or xanthine cores linked to an aryl...

P-glycoprotein, an ATP-driven efflux pump, regulates permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Sphingolipids, endogenous to brain tissue, influence inflammatory responses and cell survival in vitro. Our laboratory has previously shown that sphingolipid signaling by sphingosine 1-phosphate decreases basal P-glycoprotein transport activity. Here, we investigated the potential for another sph...

Background The radiolabelled inhibitor of the multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) [C]elacridar was developed as a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer to assess expression levels of P-gp at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [1]. [C]Elacridar was shown to interact specifically with P-gp at the rodent BBB, but its brain PET signal was very low, which was possibly caused by transpo...