Although virus-like organisms are thought to have appeared together with the earliest forms of cellular life, their origin remains a mystery and we have little idea of the features of ancient viruses. Conversely, we know a lot about modern viruses, which show great diversity in genome organization and replication machinery, probably due to their antagonistic co-evolution with host defence mecha...

The current study addresses the impact of addition fullerene and graphene nanoparticles on AC breakdown voltage (AC BdV) natural ester (FR3). nanofluids (NFs) were prepared following two-step process, BdV was performed in compliance with IEC 60156 standards. Five different concentrations NPs considered (0.1 g/L, 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 g/L). A Student’s t-test to compare base liquid’s data nanofluids. ...

Neurobehavioral disorder is a serious consequence of a number of viral infections in the central nervous system (CNS). A line of evidence has demonstrated that viral infections are associated with disturbances in neural functions that may be caused by alteration of the brain homeostasis. Here, we examined the role of viral persistent infection in neuropsychiatric disorders by generating a trans...

BACKGROUND The ribosome, which acts as a platform for mRNA encoded polypeptide synthesis, is also capable of assisting in folding of polypeptide chains. The peptidyl transferase center (PTC) that catalyzes peptide bond formation resides in the domain V of the 23S rRNA of the bacterial ribosome. Proper positioning of the 3' -CCA ends of the A- and P-site tRNAs via specific interactions with the ...

Border Disease (BD), caused by Pestivirus from the family Flaviviridae, leads to serious reproductive losses and brain anomalies such as hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in aborted fetuses and neonatal lambs. In this report it is aimed to investigate the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with Thrombospondin type I repeats-13 (ADAMTS-...

One hypothesis for the etiology of behavioral disorders is that infection by a virus induces neuronal cell dysfunctions resulting in a wide range of behavioral abnormalities. However, a direct linkage between viral infections and neurobehavioral disturbances associated with human psychiatric disorders has not been identified. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing the phosphoprotein (P) ...

Following infection of the central nervous system (CNS), the immune system is faced with the challenge of eliminating the pathogen without causing significant damage to neurons, which have limited capacities of renewal. In particular, it was thought that neurons were protected from direct attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) because they do not express major histocompatibility class I (MHC I...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been the focus of a great deal of research and clinical speculation. This intense interest relates to both the perplexing pathogenesis and devastating consequences of these disorders. One of the obstacles to understanding the pathogenesis of autism and its efficient treatment has been the paucity of animal models that could be used for hypotheses-driven mech...

Expression of the antiviral cytokines IFN-#!! is among the most potent innate defenses of higher vertebrates to virus infections, which is controlled by the inducible transcription factor IFN regulatory factor (IRF)3. Borna disease virus (BDV) establishes persistent noncytolytic infections in animals and tissue culture cells, indicating that it can circumvent this antiviral reaction by an unexp...