ABSTRACT The black swan (Cygnus atratus, LATHAM, 1790) is a bird kept as an ornamental in zoos. Because of their long beaks they tend to have reserved prognosis musculoskeletal disorders such beak trauma, secondary skull bone fractures, presenting irreversible lesions. aim this report present clinical surgical innovation the repair swan’s gnathotheca fissure with application non-conventional ma...

The temporomandibular joint is one of the most intricate human articulations (TMJ). Each made up a mandibular condyle and its associated temporal cavity (glenoid fossa articular eminence). Human morphology can be divided into six types: Type I: Oval; II: Flattened; III: Diamond; IV: Crooked finger; V:Bifid VI: Bird beak. appears in several different age groups individuals many distinct ways. Co...

  Abstract   The supracondylar process is a beak-like bony projection that arises from the anteromedial   surface of the humerus. The process has rarely been associated with   compression of the median nerve and seldom requires treatment. We report a case   of a supracondylar process that caused tenting of the median nerve with elbow extension   and pronation.  

Servedio et al. [1], following Gavrilets [2], define a magic trait as ‘a trait subject to divergent selection and a trait contributing to non-random mating that are pleiotropic expressions of the same gene(s)’. This clarified definition is certainly helpful, but we outline here several pivotal questions for empirical research, particularly surrounding the crucial concept of effect size. The eff...

Carotenoid pigments produce the bright yellow to red ornamental colors of many animals, especially birds, and must ultimately be derived from the diet. However, they are also valuable for many physiological functions (e.g., antioxidants, immunostimulants, photoprotection, visual tuning, yolk nourishment to embryos), and as a result they are present in numerous internal body tissues (e.g., liver...

Recent studies on olfaction in penguins have focused on their use of odours while foraging. It has been proposed for some seabirds that an olfactory landscape shaped by odours coming from feeding areas exists. Islands and colonies, however, may also contribute to the olfactory landscape and may act as an orienting map. To test sensitivities to a colony scent we studied whether King penguins (Ap...