New technologies in cancer radiotherapy need a more accurate computation of the dose delivered in the radiotherapeutical treatment plan, and it is important to integrate sophisticated mathematical models and advanced computing knowledge into the treatment planning (TP) process. We present some results about using Monte Carlo (MC) codes in dose calculation for treatment planning. A distributed c...

Introduction Polymer gel dosimeters offer a practical solution to 3D dose verification for conventional radiotherapy as well as intensity-modulated and stereotactic radiotherapy. In this study, EGSnrc calculated and PAGAT polymer gel dosimeter measured dose profiles from single shot irradiation with 18 mm collimator of Gamma Knife in homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms were compared with eac...

BACKGROUND Penumbra characteristics play a significant role in dose delivery accuracy for radiation therapy. For treatment planning, penumbra width and radiation field offset strongly influence target dose conformity and organ at risk sparing. METHODS In this study, we present an analytical and numerical approach for evaluation of the rounded leaf end effect on penumbra characteristics. Based...

Because of the adverse effects of ionizing radiation on fetuses, prior to radiotherapy of pregnant patients, fetal dose should be estimated. Fetal dose has been studied by several authors in different depths in phantoms with various abdomen thicknesses (ATs). In this study, the effect of maternal AT and depth in fetal dosimetry was investigated, using peripheral dose (PD) distribution evaluatio...

The assumption of cylindrical symmetry in radiotherapy accelerator models can pose a challenge for precise Monte Carlo modeling. This assumption makes it difficult to account for measured asymmetries in clinical dose distributions. We have performed a sensitivity study examining the effect of varying symmetric and asymmetric beam and geometric parameters of a Monte Carlo model for a Siemens PRI...

CyberKnife is one of multiple modalities for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Due to the nature of CyberKnife and the characteristics of SRS, dose evaluation of the CyberKnife procedure is critical. A radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter was used to verify the dose accuracy for the CyberKnife procedure and validate a viable dose verification system for CyberKnife treatment. A radiophotolumines...

Code Obfuscation is a protection technique that transforms the software into a semantically equivalent one which is strenuous to reverse engineer. As a part of software protection and security, code obfuscation got commercial interest from both vendors’ side to keep their proprietary as secret and customers’ side to have a trusted software that don’t leek or destroy their personal information. ...

background: skin cancer can be treated by various methods. electron radiotherapy has been a useful therapeutic modality in the treatment of skin cancers in areas which are difficult to cure by other methods. depth dose distribution of 166ho using varskin2 code is presented in this work. material and methods: depth dose distribution of 166ho was calculated, using varskin2 code by adding of 166ho...

unlike the islamic code (approved 1370/1991) in which no suitable attention had been paid to the rule of interference of retaliation, the islamic punishment code (approved 1392/2013) has discussed this rule as well as the rule of interference of blood-moneys in details and in which some innovations may be seen. in spite of increase in the number of articles concerning this rule, some innovation...