mobile ad hoc networks (manets) are composed of mobile stations communicating through wireless links, without any fixed backbone support. in these networks, limited power energy supply, and frequent topology changes caused by node mobility, makes their routing a challenging problem. tora is one of the routing protocols that successfully copes with the nodes’ mobility side effects, but it doesn’...

Bat algorithm (BA) is a bio-inspired algorithm developed by Yang in 2010 and BA has been found to be very efficient. As a result, the literature has expanded significantly in the last 3 years. This paper provides a timely review of the bat algorithm and its new variants. A wide range of diverse applications and case studies are also reviewed and summarized briefly here. Further research topics ...

Congestion management is a task performed by Independent System Operator (ISO) to ensure the operation of transmission system within limits. In an emerging electric power market, congestion management is highly important and inefficient management can be a barrier to electricity trading. To minimize congestion, it is required to maximize transmission line generation and decrease its cost. A Hyb...

Proper management of locations of the mobile devices is of great importance in this era of wireless communication networks, as the use of the mobile devices has grown exponentially. The registration area planning (RAP) problem aims to group the wireless network cells into contiguous areas called registration areas in order to minimize the cost of managing the location of mobile devices. Since t...

Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem in all-optical networks assumes determining the routes and wavelengths to be used to create the lightpaths for connection requests. The RWA problem belongs to a class of difficult combinatorial optimization problems. We propose the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) heuristic algorithm tailored for the RWA problem (BCO–RWA) in all-optical networks with...

Artificial Bee colony is one of the most efficient optimizing technique introduced so far. Artificial Bee Colony simulates the brilliant behavior honey bee swarm. Considering the environmental impacts that grow from the emission produced by the conventional fuel power plants, the economic dispatch that minimizes only the total fuel cost can no longer be considered as single objective function. ...

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony (ABC) are new optimization methods that have attracted increasing research interests because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, when being applied to high-dimensional optimization problems, PSO algorithm may be trapped in the local optimal because of its low global exploration efficiency; ABC algorithm has slower convergence sp...

argyrophilic staining of nucleolar organizer regions (agnor) has been considered to be useful in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of different cutaneous tumors. in order to evaluate the role of the agnor technique in discriminating aggressive from non-aggressive basal cell carcinoma (bcc), paraffin-embedded histologic sections from 30 cases of aggressive bcc (bcc2) and 30 cases of non-ag...