A recent model of celestial e-vector analysis by the bee assumes that polarization information is transformed into modulation of perceived brightness while the bee scans the sky by rotating its field of view. It is shown that the suggested simple strategy to read compass information from the polarization pattern of the sky in natural conditions can work only in a part of the sky close to the ze...

Introduction American Foulbrood (AFB) is one of the most threatening epidemic brood diseases in honey bee colonies. This disease is caused by the pathogen Paenibacillus larvae larvae. According to the common animal health law in Germany the outbreak of AFB has to be reported to veterinarian service. The veterinarian has to decide about eradication of bee colonies, cleaning and disinfection as w...

468 Urticarial Vasculitis After Bee-sting Therapy June-Hyuk Lee, Sung Woo Park, An-Soo Jang, DoJin Kim, and ChoonSik Park. Respiratory and allergy, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea; Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea. Background: Bee-sting therapy is one of the oriental traditi...

Parasites and pathogens are apparent key factors for the detrimental health of managed European honey bee subspecies, Apis mellifera. Apicultural trade is arguably the main factor for the almost global distribution of most honey bee diseases, thereby increasing chances for multiple infestations/infections of regions, apiaries, colonies and even individual bees. This imposes difficulties to eval...

Bee species interactions can benefit plant pollination through synergistic effects and complementary effects, or can be of detriment to plant pollination through competition effects by reducing visitation by effective pollinators. Since specific bee interactions influence the foraging performance of bees on flowers, they also act as drivers to regulate the assemblage of flower visitors. We sele...

468 Urticarial Vasculitis After Bee-sting Therapy June-Hyuk Lee, Sung Woo Park, An-Soo Jang, DoJin Kim, and ChoonSik Park. Respiratory and allergy, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, South Korea; Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Bucheon, South Korea. Background: Bee-sting therapy is one of the oriental traditi...

Recent evidence points to a neuroprotective action of bee venom on nigral dopamine neurons in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we examined whether bee venom also displays a symptomatic action by acting on the pathological functioning of the basal ganglia in rat PD models. Bee venom effects were assessed by combining motor behavior analyses and in vivo electrophysiological recordi...

In East Africa, honey bees (Apis mellifera) provide critical pollination services and income for small-holder farmers and rural families. While honey bee populations in North America and Europe are in decline, little is known about the status of honey bee populations in Africa. We initiated a nationwide survey encompassing 24 locations across Kenya in 2010 to evaluate the numbers and sizes of h...

Bee venom injection therapy is an alternative treatment sometimes used for chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis, to reduce pain. Several chemical components of bee venom have anti-inflammatory effects, and apitoxin, one of the mixed components, has been used for pain prevention therapy. However, there have been no large-scale investigations regard...