In extant birds, the hand is permanently abducted towards the ulna, and the wrist joint can bend extensively in this direction to fold the wing when not in use. Anatomically, this asymmetric mobility of the wrist results from the wedge-like shape of one carpal bone, the radiale, and from the well-developed convexity of the trochlea at the proximal end of the carpometacarpus. Among the theropod ...

The conformational complexity of chain-like macromolecules such as proteins and other linear polymers is much larger than that of point-like atoms and molecules. Unlike particles, chains can bend, twist, and even become knotted. Thus chains might also display a much richer phase structure. Unfortunately, it is not very easy to characterize the phase of a long chain. Essentially, the only known ...

This study was devoted to verifying the performance of various configurations a winged chisel plough (WCP) in soil bin. The new tool assessed at three wing depths (5, 10 and 15 cm), bend angles (10, 20 30 °), rake (7.5, 22.5 °) with replications using completely randomised design constant depth speed cm 1 m·s–1, respectively. draught vertical forces, disturbed upheaved areas plus efficiency loo...

At the multigate sluice structure on a fluvial river, undesired sediment deposition affects normal operation of reservoir in question. Physical and numerical models are hybridized to help explore flow sedimentation patterns. Field laboratory investigations show that is attributable formation large recirculation zones at low medium discharges. As potential countermeasure, an array guide vanes re...

Polarization dependence of bend loss caused by the polymer coating layer for a standard singlemode fiber (SMF28) is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Bend loss for SMF28 for both the TE and TM mode is calculated separately. Normalized polarization dependent loss is proposed for the characterization of the polarization sensitivity of bend loss for different bend radii. Corresponding...

The effect of V-notches or reentrant corners on fracture propagation has been analyzed for brittle materials, but not for quasibrittle materials such as concrete, marked by a large material characteristic length producing a strong size effect transitional between plasticity and linear elastic fracture mechanics. A simple size effect law for the nominal strength of quasibrittle structures with s...

Nanotendril "fuzz" will grow under He bombardment under tokamak-relevant conditions on tungsten plasma-facing materials in a magnetic fusion energy device. We have grown tungsten nanotendrils at low (50 eV) and high (12 keV) He bombardment energy, in the range 900-1000 °C, and characterized them using electron microscopy. Low energy tendrils are finer (~22 nm diameter) than high-energy tendrils...

Experimental studies of the conductance properties of split-gate field-effect transistors have evidenced quantum wave guide effects for electron propagation through such structures.‘-3 Since then, a number of studies in such structures have been reported which have shown effects associated with resonant tunneling through impurities,4 superlattice effects due to a periodic grating,5 and single e...