The aim of the present study is to determine the feasibility of making a rectangular twist waveguide used to rotate electromagnetic waves. For this purpose, the process of fabricating an aluminum rectangular twist waveguide was simulated by making use of finite element method and Deform software. The optimum length and angle of the twist die for manufacturing a twist waveguide with inner cross ...

Micro-stamping process is one of the most cost-effective methods to manufacture metallic bipolar plates (BPPs). This research investigates the forming of titanium thin sheet as a potential candidate for BPPs in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). In this regard, the process was first simulated using finite element (FE) code Abaqus. Afterward, experimental tests were implemented and the ...

The bending of a flagellum, such as the flagellum which forms the tail of a seaurchin spermatozoon, is the result of active mechanochemical processes occurring within the flagellum itself, which cause it to bend actively throughout its length (Gray, 1955; Machin, 1958). To understand how flagella operate, we must understand not only the mechanisms which generate bending, but also the control me...

The cilia and flagella of eukaryotic cells function by active bending that produces cell movements and fluid flows in their environment. They contain a common cytoskeleton, known as the axoneme, that is the locus of all the enzymes and mechanical components that are required for production of useful bending. The bending of many flagella, and some cilia, is planar, or at least nearly planar. In ...

DNA bending plays an important role in many biological processes, but its molecular and energetic details as a function of base sequence remain to be fully understood. Using a recently developed restraint, we have studied the controlled bending of four different B-DNA oligomers using molecular dynamics simulations. Umbrella sampling with the AMBER program and the recent parmbsc0 force field yie...

Softness of human hair plays a big roll on the manageability of it. Therefore, it is important to measure the softness quantitatively. It is well known that the softness of long shaped materials can be obtained from tensile young's modulus and bending modulus. The tensile young's modulus is most generally empolyed as a parameter of softness, but is usually obtained by destructive way. Bending e...