A rapid and inexpensive method has been developed to estimate rates of benzo(a)pyrene phenol production by perfused rat liver. This method is based on the measurement of benzo(a)pyrene phenols utilizing a simple fluorometric procedure. Within 2 to 3 min after infusion of benzo(a)pyrene bound to serum albumin, phenols are excreted into the perfusate, primarily as glucuronide and sulfate conjugat...

The exposure of Estonian cokery workers to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons at an oil shale processing plant was assessed by occupational hygiene and biomonitoring measurements. To assess the external dose of exposure to polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene concentrations were measured from the breathing zone of workers during a workshift. Skin contamination with pyrene...

In the oil-rich Niger Delta, hydrocarbon pollution and oil spillages, gas flaring and sundry anthropogenic activities constitute sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with food contamination playing a major role in human exposure. In this study we assessed PAH levels in wild and cultivated edible mushroom species consumed by the general population from the oil producing Niger Delt...

In the title compound, C(24)H(16)Cl(2)N(2)O(3), the three benzene rings are twisted with respect to the central pyrazole ring, making dihedral angles of 71.56 (9) (4-chloro-benzo-yloxy), 57.55 (8) (4-chloro-benzo-yl) and 39.33 (1)° (phen-yl).

A simple and efficient copper-catalyzed method for the synthesis of 11H-benzo[a]carbazoles has been developed. The protocol uses readily available substituted 2-(2-bromophenyl)-1H-indoles and ketones as starting materials and an inexpensive catalyst system. The corresponding 11H-benzo[a]carbazoles were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.

The incorporation of the (trifluoromethyl)thio group into the benzo[e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-dioxide scaffold via a reaction of trifluoromethanesulfanylamide with 2-(2-alkynyl)benzenesulfonamide is reported. The transformation proceeds under mild conditions to afford the 4-((trifluoromethyl)thio)-2H-benzo[e][1,2]thiazine 1,1-dioxides in moderate to good yields.

The major photoproduct formed between benzo[a]pyrene and thymine is identified as 1-(benzo[a]pyren-6-yl)-thymine by means of spectroscopic analysis and isotopic syntheses. Irradiation of 1-methylcytosine hydrochloride and anthracene gives two isolable photoproducts of which one is assigned the structure 5-(anthracen-9-yl)-1-methylcytosine.

Two novel dithieno-benzo-imidazole-based compounds (M2 and A2) showed remarkable sensitivities towards Pb(2+) by 12-fold enhancement and 10-fold decay of fluorescence, respectively, in aqueous solutions. Substituent effects of different dithieno-benzo-imidazole-based moieties (M1, M2, A1 and A2) on the quantum yields, fluorescence lifetimes and sensitivities to Pb(2+) along with the reversibili...

A concise and efficient synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridines was accomplished by the palladium-catalyzed ring-opening coupling of azabicyclic alkene with o-iodobenzoates, followed by tandem cyclization. The strategy was successfully applied in the total synthesis of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids such as sanguinarine, chelerythrine, nitidine and avicine.