Bile duct injury constitutes a major proportion of morbidity associated with cholecystectomy (laparoscopic>open). It has lot impact on patient health and subsequent medico-legal repercussions. Anatomical aberrations in the Calot's triangle anatomy is more common than meets eye. A thorough understanding anatomy, identification variant structures, Use intraoperative cholangiogram low threshold...

Endoscopic manometry was used to measure pancreatic duct, common bile duct, pancreatic duct sphincter and bile duct sphincter pressures in 43 healthy volunteers and 162 patients with a variety of papillary, pancreatic and biliary disorders. Common bile duct pressure was significantly raised after cholecystectomy, with common bile duct stones and papillary stenosis but pancreatic duct pressure o...

Traumatic pancreatic injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The review analyses recent studies on epidemiology, classification, diagnosis treatment of patients injury. Pancreatic injury in abdominal trauma is observed from 3% to 12% cases, the overall mortality ranges 0% 31% largely determined by damage other organs. most widely accepted grading system for defining ca...

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a lethal malignancy of the biliary epithelium associated with p53 mutations, bile duct injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Here, to validate these processes in CCA, we developed a liver cirrhosis model driven by chronic intermittent toxin exposure, which provokes bile duct injury/necrosis and proliferation, fibroblast recruitment, and progressive extrace...