Odor discrimination times and their dependence on stimulus similarity were evaluated to test temporal and spatial models of odor representation in mice. In a go/no-go operant conditioning paradigm, discrimination accuracy and time were determined for simple monomolecular odors and binary mixtures of odors. Mice discriminated simple odors with an accuracy exceeding 95%. Binary mixtures evoking h...

Natural odours are complex blends of numerous components. Understanding how animals perceive odour mixtures is central to multiple disciplines. Here we focused on carpenter ants, which rely on odours in various behavioural contexts. We studied overshadowing, a phenomenon that occurs when animals having learnt a binary mixture respond less to one component than to the other, and less than when t...

Abstract: A thermodynamic consistency test developed for high pressure binary vapor-liquid mixtures is applied to mixtures containing a supercritical solvent and an ionic liquid. Several authors have reported vapor-liquid equilibrium data on the binary systems supercritical CO2 + 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate {[bmim][PF6]}, supercritical CO2 + 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium nit...

Context. HCOOH is one of the more common species in interstellar ices with abundances of 1–5% with respect to solid H2O. With the launch of the Spitzer Space Telescope new infrared spectra have become available of interstellar ices in different environments. So far systematic laboratory studies on HCOOH-containing interstellar ice analogues are lacking. Aims. This study aims at characterizing t...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cover a wide range of structurally related compounds which differ greatly in their carcinogenic potency. PAH exposure usually occurs through mixtures rather than individual compounds. Therefore, we assessed whether the effects of binary PAH mixtures on gene expression, DNA adduct formation, apoptosis and cell cycle are additive compared with the effects o...

Thin films of binary mixtures that interact through isotropic forces and directionally specific “hydrogen bonding” are considered through Monte Carlo simulations. We show, in good agreement with experiment, that the single phase of these mixtures can be stabilized or destabilized on confinement. These results resolve a long standing controversy, since previous theories suggest that confinement ...

People are often able to reliably detect a mixture of 2 or more odorants, even if they cannot reliably detect the individual mixture components when presented individually. This phenomenon has been called mixture agonism. However, for some mixtures, agonism among mixture components is greater in barely detectable mixtures than in more easily detectable mixtures (level dependence). Most studies ...

Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer coefficient have been experimentally measured on a horizontal rod heater for various liquid binary mixtures. Measurements are based on more than three hundred data points on a wide range of concentrations and heat fluxes. In this investigation, it has been confirmed that the heat transfer coefficient in boiling solutions are regularly less than those in p...

The structures of three different equimolar binary ionic liquid mixtures and their liquid-vapor interface have been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Two of these binary mixtures were composed of a common cation 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and varying anions (chloride and hexafluorophosphate in one of the mixtures and chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonate in the other) ...

To gain a deeper insight into the potential interactions between individual aromatic hydrocarbons in a mixture, several benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) binary mixtures were studied. The biological activity of the binary mixtures was investigated in the HepG2 and WB-F344 liver cell lines and the Chinese hamster V79 cell line that stably expresses the human cytochrome P4...