The advantage of fuzzy controllers in working with inaccurate and nonlinear inputs is that there no need for an accurate mathematical model fast convergence minimal fluctuations the maximum power point detector. capability online tracking systems power, resistance to radiation temperature changes, external sensors measure intensity temperature. However, most important issue constant changes amo...

As a very powerful optimization algorithm, invasive weed optimization has been widely applied to continuous optimization problems in electromagnetic (EM) field. However, the optimization of a thinned array can be formulated as a discrete-variable optimization problem with solutions encoded as binary strings. Therefore, in this paper, an improved binary invasive weed optimization (IBIWO) is prop...

In this article whale optimization algorithm (WOA) has been applied to solve the combined heat and power economic dispatch (CHPED) problem. The CHPED is energy system which provides both power. Due presence of valve point loading prohibited working region, problems become more complex one. main objective problem minimize total cost fuel as well with fulfill load demand. This technique shows sev...

Abstract Beluga whale optimization (BWO) algorithm is a recently proposed population intelligence algorithm. Inspired by the swimming, foraging, and falling behaviors of beluga populations, it shows good competitive performance compared to other state-of-the-art algorithms. However, original BWO faces challenges unbalanced exploration exploitation, premature stagnation iterations, low convergen...

The optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) is a complex, non-meritorious control issue with continuous and discontinuous variables. This article exhibits whale optimization algorithm (WOA) motivated by the whale’s bubble-net hunting tactic to resolve ORPD. intention comply certain constraints promote voltage transmission quality adequately altering parameters. WOA not only equalizes exploitatio...