Vision is a very important issue developing artiicial anthropomorphic systems. Starting from traditional knowledge about ocular movements, mainly due to physiological observations , the paper revisits primary ocular processes and proposes some new ideas for oculomo-tor control. It is shown that using space-variant sampling, pursuit, vergence and saccadic process are considerably simpliied. The ...

Eighty-five adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus were treated with an injection of a low dose of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) into the lateral or medial rectus muscle. The ocular deviation was reduced by an average of 60% independently of its size and whether or not surgery had previously been performed. The change was temporary, however, except in those cases with binocular functions, whe...

We investigated the effective fusional range for written stimuli in children and adults in a natural viewing situation. We recorded binocular eye movements in children and adults during processing of stereoscopically presented words in a lexical decision task. The effect of disparity magnitude on ease of fusion caused decreased response accuracy, increasing numbers of fixations and increased tr...

PURPOSE To evaluate the stability of human binocular alignment under conditions of altered fixation and luminance. METHODS Horizontal binocular alignment in 8 healthy orthotropic subjects was measured using infrared video-oculography (VOG) under conditions of binocular fixation and luminance change. Each testing condition was preceded by a binocular fixation period in room light (475 lux) to ...

Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded under binocular and monocular viewing conditions in 19 2- to 10-month-old infants, 19 stereodeficient adults, and 12 normal adults. VEPs were elicited by medium contrast, phase-alternated checkerboards with check sizes ranging from 10-52 min of arc. Binocular VEP summation was defined as the percentage by which the binocular VEP amplitude exceeded t...

To establish an electrophysiological marker of binocular vision, visual evoked potentials were recorded in normal observers for whom interocular refraction differences were induced with converging lenses under five dioptre conditions. Patterns of binocular interaction were categorized (facilitation, averaging or suppression) by comparing monocular and binocular responses. Quantitative and conti...

purpose: to report the results of orthoptic training in two middle-aged patients according to current theories. case report: a 56-year-old female with decompensated exophoria and myopia and a 68-year-old male with decompensated esophoria and moderate hyperopia underwent vision therapy according to standard procedures for improving fusional vergences and ocular accommodation. sheard and percival...

Three-dimensional content (3D) creation has received a lot of attention due to numerous successes of 3D entertainment. Accurate stereo correspondence is necessary for efficient 3D content creation. In this paper, we propose a disparity map estimation method based on stereo correspondence. The proposed system utilizes depth and stereo camera sets. While the stereo set carries out disparity estim...